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英文招投标文件的文体特征及翻译
际招标投标是货物、工程或服务市场交易方式之一，现在许多国际机构、国家政府 规定，凡由其提供贷款或资金、金额达到一定数额的大宗交易、大型工程或成套服 务项目必须通过公开招标、投标来确定供货者、承建者或服务商。国际招标投标已 成为国际贸易的主要方式之一。按照国际管理，采用招标投标方式采购货物、工程 或服务时，与招标投标活动有关的文件、资料均须用英文编制，即使允许用非英语 编写，也应备有英文版本。当发生意义解释分歧时以英文版本为准。因此，了解国 际招标投标文件是参加国际招标投标的基础性工作，应给予足够的重视。招投标文件是招标和投标文件的简称。 招标文件一般包括： 投标邀请、 投标须知、 货物要求、技术规格、合同条款、合同格式和附件；投标文件是投标人根据招标文 件的要求编制或填写的文件，它要清楚地表明投标人愿意按什么条件（须收招标文 件规定的条件制约）向招标人提供服务、货物或工程和劳务。招标文件通常由投标 授权书或投标资格证明文件、投标书、报价单、供货单、投标保函或投标保证金、 履约担保、技术规范、技术说明书、附函等文件组成。由于合同条款、合同格式、技术规范、技术说明书的英文文体属于合同英语和科 技英语讨论的范围，本文就不予以讨论；本文只讨论诸如招标邀请函、投标须知等 招标投标活动中必须要编制、使用的招投标文件。此外，本文所讨论的翻译指的是 英汉两种语言的翻译。1、译文准确译文准确是指招投标译文措辞要确切、正确，要忠实于其原意。招标投标是一种商 务活动，招标投标文件从本质上说就是商务合同，翻译招投标文件必须准确。译者 在落笔前应正确理解其含义，遣词造句时必须忠于原文意义，译文与原文所表达的 信息要“等值”，否则，有可能造成误译，引起纠纷。1.1 专业词汇招标投标已成为一种通行的、具有强制性规范的贸易形式，已形成一些专业用语。 其意义往往与普通词典上的释义不同，翻译时应予注意。例如： （1）GENERAL PROCUREMENT NOTICE 是指联合国《发展论坛商业版》刊登 的世界银行贷款项目的总的招标通告，目的是使合格的投标商早日了解投标机会。 在这里 procurement 不能译成“获得”，其意义是：the process of obtaining supplies of sth., especially for a government or an organization，应译为“采购”；因此， GENERAL PROCUREMENT NOTICE 应译为“总采购通告”。 （2） Turnkey Contract 在招标文件中指的是“总包 （交钥匙） 工程招标文件”而非 《英 汉技术词典》上的“整套承包（合同）”。 （3）prequalify 在招标文件中意为“对投标人进行投标资格预审”，与此对应，to postqualify tenderers 则指在没有进行投标人资格预审的情况下， 在开标后对投标人 进行的资格审查，可以译为：“对投标人进行资格后审。因此 Prequalification of Tenderers 应译成“投标人资格预审”。 Bid 在英文词典里的释义为：to offer to pay a particular price for sth., especially at an auction 和 to offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price, incompetition with other companies, etc. 看来，将其译成“投标”应该不错，但是，我 们在其后的解释中发现它的同义词就是 tender；而在 tender 项下，该词典解释到： “v. to make a formal offer to supply goods to carry out work a stated price”和“n. a formal offer to supply goods or carry out work at a stated price”，其意义也是“投标” 或“标书”，在词典中“tender”后也标着 SYN（同义词）为 BID (idem)。笔者在许多国 际招标文件中读到，“bidders”被译成投标人，“bidding documents”既有译成“招标文 件”的，也有译成“标书”的，而在 FIDIC Tendering Procedure 中“tenderers”指“投标 人”，“tender”有时指“招标”，有时又指“投标”、“投标文件”，由此看来，bid 和 tender 在招投标活动中所表达的意义是相同的，它的确切含义应由使用者在招投标活动中 所处的地位及其 context 来定。（4）Name of company leading the joint venture，这里的“the joint venture”不是常 用的“合资企业”，而是指多个投标人为了满足招标人提出的条件而暂时结成的联营 体，作为单一投标人参加和履行合同，合同履行完毕即解散，各投标人所拥有的资 产也补合并，因此译成：“联营体牵头公司的名称”较恰当。再举几例：BID SCHEDULE OF PRICES C (国产货物或已进口货物)投标价格表 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE GOODS － 供货情况总表 SPECIFICATION DEVIATION FORM － 技术规格偏离表 FORM FOR BID SECURITY － 投标保证金格式QUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS － 资格审查文件 SPECIMEN OF LETTER OF GUARANTEE FOR ADVANCE PAYMENT － 预付 款保函格式1．2 情态动词与所有的法律文件相同， 招投标文件在情态动词的选用上很慎重。 May, must ,will, shall, should 各司其职，不可混淆。应该注意的是，“shall”在招投标文件中，表示强 制性责任、履行义务，与中文中“应该”、“必须”的意义相同，它表示的力度比“will” 要强。根据 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English，shall 解释为: (formal or old-fashioned) used in official documents to show a law, command, obligation, compulsion.可见 shall 的这一用法较古老或者较正式，一般仅用于法律或半法律性 正式文件中，含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性和强制”之意。在招投标活动中，招 标方提出要求时总是倾向于使用带有强制性含义的 shall 或 must，而在谈到己方的 义务或责任时， 总是避免使用 shall 或 must， 较多选用 will， should， 甚至选用 may， 以淡化语言强度。例如：(1) The contract will be awarded to the lowest responsive bidder complying with the conditions and specifications of the invitation for bids provided his bid is reasonable and it is to the interest of the UNFPA to accept it.参考译文：采购合同将被授予按照招标邀请函的条件和规定作出相应且标价最低的 投标人，但是规定，该投标人的标价时合理的且符合联合国人口基金的利益。 (2) The bidder shall bear all costs associated with the preparation and submissionof its bid. 参考译文：投标人须承担由于编制和提交其投标书而引起的一切费用。 (3) The Bid, all correspondences and documents shall be written in the English language. 参考译文：投标书、所有往来函件和文件均须用英语语言书写。招投标文件时约定参加招投标活动的各方的权利和义务文件，使用专业用语和情 态动词旨在明确约定当事人的权利和义务。我们在翻译时，首先要了解其语境，了 解其特定含义，选择或创制能准确反映其特定含义的词语转达其原意，以免误译。2. 译文严谨招标投标是一种商务活动，招标文件是买方发出的询盘，具有邀请要约性质；而 投标文件是卖方报出的实盘，一旦被对方接受就具有约束力，而且招标投标是一次 性成交，投标人不能与招标人讨价还价。无论是招标文件还是投标文件在实质上都 属于经济合同，属于法律语言范畴，行文要严谨，其译文也必须严谨。2.1.用词严密招投标文件是商务文件，其措辞力求规范、严密，要避免因词意不确定、多义而引 起误解。翻译招投标文件时，应注意其多用正式词语和词语并列的特点并在译文中 作恰当处理。2.1.1 多用正式词语 招投标文件中，常常用正式词语，复合短语替代被许多英语作家推荐使用的简单介 词、连词，如用 along the lines of 代替 like，用 for the purpose of 代替 for； 用正 式、古旧的词汇替代常用词，这样使招投标文件显得正式、严谨。例如：（1）修改文件将以书面形式通知所有购买招标文件的未来投标人。未来投标人应立 即以书面形式确认已收到该修改文件。 参考译文：The amendment will be notified in writing to all prospective Bidders who have purchased the Bidding Documents. The prospective Bidders shall promptly acknowledge receipt thereof by fax/telex to AHTC. （2）ii. in the event of acceptance of the Tender by the Authority, the date upon which the Tenderer provides a performance security to the Authority in accordance with the terms of the contract thereby made between them, or 参考译文：ii. 在当局棘手了某个投标书的情况下， 该投标人按双方签订的合同条 件向当局提交履约保证的日期。2.1.2 词语并列 在招投标文件中有词汇并列的情况（juxtaposition），同（近）义词或相关词往往由 and 或 or 连接使用，例如：stipulations and provisions, complaints and claims, furnish and provide, fulfill or perform, null and void, in full force and effect 等，这种 词汇并列使用一是通过两个或多个词汇的共同含义来限定其唯一词义，从而排除了 由于一次多义可能产生的歧义，体现招投标文件严谨；二是通过两个或多个词语的并列来体现招投标文件古雅、正式。例如： (1) Such consequences would normally be that the contract is declared null and void and thecontractor forfeits his tender security.参考译文：此类后果常常是，合同被宣布无效，以及承包商的投标保证金将被没收。 (2) 原文：投标文件的澄清招标中心可以请投标人澄清其投标内容。提出澄清的要 求与答复均应是书面的，但不得要求改动价格或对投标内容进行实质性修改。 原译文：To assist in evaluation, the tendering center can ask the Bidders for explanation of their documents. The answer can be in written but cannot change its price and content in substance.译文通顺，也转达了文件的意思。但是，其措辞不符合招投标文件的要求。一个 “evaluation”显得过于单薄，难以表现出评标时评委们审阅、斟酌和比较各竞标方案 的过程，“explanation”在文体上也没有“澄清”正式，而“can be”则有“可以为之，也可 以不为之”的意思，语气较“应是”弱的多，“in written”有语病。笔者试译：Clarification of Bids To assist in the examination, evaluation and comparison of Bids,the Tendering Center may ask bidders for clarification and the response shall be in writting and no change in the prices or substances of the bids shall be sought or offered.2.2 结构严谨招投标文件的句法特点是结构复杂，强调句意完整严密，而不去关心简洁、简练；招投标文件多用陈述句、长句、圆周句，少用省略句，以防出现歧义。2.2.1 多用陈述句英语句子类型的表意功能各不相同，招投标文件对句子类型的选择存在着明显的倾 向性。由于需要准确客观地陈述，规定各方当事人的权利与义务，招投标文件对句 子类型的选择存在着明显的倾向性。由于需要准确客观地陈述、规定各方当事人的 权利与义务，招投标文件中陈述句的使用频率比较高。陈述句用于阐述、解释、说 明、规定和判断，语言显得比较客观、平实。例如：All bids are to be validly received by China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation before 10:00 a.m. on the specified opening date at the address below. Bids will be opened at 10:30 a.m. December 20, 2001 (Beijing time). 参考译文： 所有投标书须于规定的开标日当天上午 10 点之前送达位于下列地址的 中国机械进出口总公司并被有效地接受。 所有投标书将于背景时间 2001 年 12 月 20 日 10：30 被启封。2.2.2 多用长句与普通英语相比，英文招标文件的句子较长，结构也复杂得多。使用长句可以准确 界定参加招标投标各方的权利与义务，排除被曲解、误解或出现歧义的可能性。招 投标文件中的状语（从句）和定语（从句）等附加成分不仅多，而且常居于显著的位置，对主句意义进行解释、限制或补充，这样使招标投标文件逻辑严谨、文风庄 严，也可以对各方履行权利与义务的条件、方式、地点以及时间等进行限制，从而 使招投标文件不留漏洞，避免今后可能发生的争端，以维护各方的利益。例如：The tenderer should be informed that, if he has delivered, posted or dispatched his tender prior to the formal submission date he has the right to modify or make corrections to it, provided that any such modifications or corrections are received by the employer/engineer in writing prior to the time specified for submission of tenders. The original tender thus modified or corrected would then be considered as the official tender. 参考译文：应通知投标人，如果他在正式的提交日之前递交、邮寄或发送了他的投 标书，他有权对其做出修改或更正，但规定，关于任何此类修改或更正，投标人必 须使雇主/工程师在规定的投标书提交日期之前收到书面文本。如此修改或更正后的 投标书正本即被认为是正式的投标书。上句保函三个从句，该句虽然规定投标人有权修改他发出的标书，但是他的这一权 利受到“如果他在正式的提交日之前递交、邮寄或发送了他的标书”和“但规定，关于 任何此类修改或更正，投标人必须使雇主/工程师在规定的投标书提交日期之前收到 书面文本”两个状语从句的限制，从而使招标人的责任大为减轻。2.2.3 多用圆周句招投标文件多用书面语，其信息焦点需借助语言成分的安排予以表示，原则就是末 尾着重（end-weight），既把句子里较有分量的成分放在句末，形成一种“高潮”或悬 念，用以加强语气，使句子显得生动有力，这就是文体学上说的“圆周句”。 此外， 招投标文件中有的英语从句较长，而避免产生头重脚轻的感觉，也需要将主句至于 句尾，这是招投标文件常使用圆周句的另一原因。例如：If the lowest evaluated tender as clarified still contains deviations which are unacceptable to the employer/engineer, the tenderer should be notified and given the opportunity of withdrawing such deviations in writing. The tenderer may do so only if he confirms in writing that the withdrawal makes no change to the tender price. If no such confirmation is received the tender should be rejected and the next lowest evaluated tender as clarified should be considered, and so on.参考译文： 如果评定的报价最低的投标书在澄清后仍包含有雇主/工程师不能接受 的偏差，则应通知投标人，给予其书面撤回此类偏差的机会。只有在投标人书面确 认撤回偏差，并不对标价做出修改，他才真的撤回了偏差。如果雇主/工程师没有受 到此类确认，则将该标书拒绝，而考虑下一个在澄清文体后被评为报价最低的投标 书，依此类推。法律文件中的长句如何翻译 做翻译，最难处理的莫过于长句。这里所谓的“长句”，不单纯就句子的长度而言，而且是指语法 结构比较复杂、从句和修饰语较多、包含的内容层次在一个以上的句子。鉴于法律文件的目的、性 质和文体特征，其长句出现的频率远远高于其他文字作品，这就给法律翻译造成了额外负担。因此， 可以这样说，正确理解和翻译长句，是法律翻译成败的要素之一。 翻译长句，首先要从语法分析入手理解句子的完整意思，而后在理解的基础上将其意思用通顺的汉 语翻译出来。以“导论”中 0.3 节所给的长句为例，这个句子的主句（the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether?）前面有一个很长的条件状语从句（if, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party）和时间状语 （then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party），在条件 状语从句中， 又夹带着一个时间状语 （after the signing of this agreement） 和一个定语从句 （which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement）。主句本身也相当复杂，除了有主语加两个并立的谓语和宾语的 基本句子结构外，两个谓语动词未完分别有方式状语（in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China）及目的状语（in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement） 和方式状语（on a basis no less favourable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted of so interpreted or implemented）修饰。就是在后一个方式状语中，也还有一个 作定语的虚拟句（it would have received of such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented）。纵观整个句子，内有主句又 有从句，修饰语套修饰语，一个接一个叠加，一环扣一环相连，构成了复杂的修饰和被修饰关系。 只有弄清楚句子里各个成分之间的相互关系，才有可能理解句子的完整意思。 由于这个句子内部存在着复杂关系，要准确、通顺地译出原句的完事意思并不是一件容易的事情。 比较英语和汉语这两种语言的句子结构，不难发现，英语可以凭借关联词形成很长的句子，而汉语 却没有诸如关系代词和关系副词之类的关联词，因而也就不可能产生结构复杂的长句。英语复合句， 各个成分之间都有适当的关联词加以连接，以表明它们之间的逻辑关系，这就使得句子各个成分的 设置有较大的灵活性。汉语句子一般是按时间顺序和中国人的逻辑思维顺序编排的，即使不使用关 联词，也能构成完整的意思。翻译长句，要按汉语的表达方式处理英语句子里错综复杂的关系。处 理方法大致可归纳为两种：一种是基本上按英语原句的结构顺序翻译，另一种是按汉语的时间顺序 和逻辑顺序翻译。本章将着重分析第一种翻译方法。 按原句的结构顺序翻译 （a）Each of the Shareholders shall exercise all voting rights and other powers of cont rol available to it in relation to the Company so as to procure (so far as it is able by the exercise of such rights and powers) that at all times during the term of this Agreement, the provisions concerning the structure and organisation of the Company, and the regulation of its affairs set out in this Agreement, are duly observed and given full force and effect, and all actions reserved and given full force and effect, and a ll actions required of the Shareholders under this Agreement are carried out in a time ly manner, and in particular (but not in derogation of the generality of the foregoin g), that any meeting of the Board and every general meeting of the Company has the nec essary quorum throughout and is conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Ag reement, and shall execute and do and procure all other third parties, if necessary , to execute and do all such further acts, deeds, assurances and things as may be reason ably required so that full effect may be given to the terms and conditions of this Agr eement. 各股东应应其具有的与公司相关的所有表决权和其他控制权，以保证（就通过行使该等权利和权力 可以保证而言）在本协议期限内任何时候，关于公司结构和组织的规定和本协议规定的公司事务的 管理规则得到遵守并具有完全的效力，本协议项下要求股东采取的一切行动均已及时采取，告别是 （但不得损害前述一般性原则）公司的任何董事会会议和每一次股东大会自始至终达到必需的法定 人数，且根据本协议的规定召开，而且应签署和执行，并在必要时保证所有其他第三方签署和进行 可能合理要求的一切进一步行动、契约、保证和事宜，以使本协议的条款和条件可以具有完全的效 力。 这个句子中，主语有两个并立的谓语+宾语的动宾词组：shall exercise all voting rights and o ther powers of control 和 shall execute and do and procure all other third parties, if n ecessary, to execute and do all such further acts, deeds, assurances and things，而且紧 随其后又都是表示目的的状语。翻译也是按原句的这一基本结构进行的。 （b）If in any case Party A, after having become bound to transfer any Shares and Loans pursuant to the provisions of this Clause X to Party B or a third party, shall fail o r refuse to do so, the Company Secretary or any other person appointed by the Board sh all be deemed to have been irrevocably authorized by Party A, with full power to execu te, complete and deliver, in the name and on behalf of Party A, transfers of the Board may then register the purchaser or its nominee as holder of the Shares and issue to t he purchaser or its nominee (as the case may be) a certificate of the same, and thereu pon, Party A shall be bound to deliver up the certificates for the Shares, and upon su ch delivery, shall be entitled to receive the purchase price therefore without interes t. 如果甲方应有义务根据本条规定向乙方或第三方转让任何股份或贷款，而甲方却未进行或拒绝进行 转让，公司秘书或董事会委派的任何其他人应被视为经甲方不可撤消的授权，有全权在购买人向公 司支付购买价款后，以甲方的名义并代表甲方签署、完成并向购买人交付股份和贷款转让证，而后 董事会将购买人或其指定的人登记为股份持有人，并向购买人或其指定的人（视情况而定）签发股 权证，据此，甲方有义务交付股权证，交付后则有权获得不计利息的购买价款。 上面的译文基本上也是按原句的顺序编排的，只有其中的一个状语 against payment of the purch ase price therefore to the Company 根据汉语时间状语的习惯位置向前推移了一步。英语和汉语是两种不同的语言，但在句子结构上毕竟还有相同点，大体上都具有是“主、谓、宾” 的基本框架。只要英语句子可以按其原有的成分排列顺序转换成结构大体相同的汉语句子，翻译时 就应当照办，而不必另起炉灶，更不能随意偏离翻译的基本原则，把翻译当作释义（paraphrase）。 按汉语的时间先后和逻辑顺序翻译 如果一个英语句子无法照着原有顺序翻译，就不得不考虑将原句的结构拆开，根据原义用汉语重新 整合，以时间先后，因果、假设等逻辑关系相继译成一句或几句意思连贯、内容完整的句子。 （a）The enduring significance of the Shanghai Communique is symbolized by the fact tha t two of the participants in the ceremony fifteen years ago CAmbassadors Han Xu and W inston Lord C are now charged with even greater responsibilities for promoting good r elations between our two countries. 15 年前，曾参加上海公报签字仪式的两位人士，韩叙大使和温斯顿?洛德大使，现在都肩负着促进我 们两国友好关系的更为重要的责任，这标志着上海公报具有持久的意义。 上面的英语句子与译文在“时间”安排上顺序不一样，英语由现在提及过去的事情（韩叙和温斯顿? 洛德都参加了 15 年前上海公报签字仪式），而汉语则先提过去的事情，由过去说到现在。同时，英 语句子先说上海公报具有持久的意义，而后点明这表现为韩叙和温斯顿?洛德两位大使现在都肩负着 促进我们两国友好关系的更为重要的责任；汉语则刚好相反，叙述时由“因”而“果”。这句长句 的译文，正是按照汉语先过去后现在的时间顺序及因果关系重新安排英语原句各个内容层次的。 （b）The progress to the statute book of the necessary legal infrastructure for electro nic commerce has in many countries been delayed by a difficult and politically sensiti ve debate created by the concerns of law enforcement authorities that the widespread u se of strong encryption may facilitate crime and terrorism to a degree that will de-st abilize civilized governments. 在许多国家，执法机关担心严格加密的广泛使用，会给犯罪分子和恐怖活动提供方便，从而破坏文 明政府的稳定。这种担心引起了一场难以解决的、政治上敏感的辩论。而这场辩论则延误了必要的 电子商务法律归入法典的进程。 这句句子包含的信息量大，内容一层又一层，各个成分环环相扣，根本无法用一个汉语句子来翻译。 首先，主语又长又复杂（The progress to the statute book of the necessary legal infrastru cture for electronic commerce），而且因修辞关系出现换位现象（to the statute book 与 of t he necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce 前后倒置）。状语（by a diffic ult and politically sensitive debate）后面有定语修饰语（created by the concerns of law enforcement authorities），而定语又带同位语从句（that the widespread use of strong encr yption may facilitate crime and terrorism to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments），同位语中又有状语（to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governme nts）。 根据以上分析，英语原句的内容可以分为三层：一层是执法机关担心严格加密的广泛使用会产生怎 样的后果，一层是这种担心引起了一场辩论，还有一层是说这场辨论所导致的结果――延误了必要的电子商务法律归入法典的进程。这是按汉语逻辑思维自然形成的因果关系的链接。而从英语句子 结构来看，上述第一层和第三层的内容次序刚好相反，英语倾向于把信息的重心放在句首，先陈述 一个事实（电子商务法律归入法典的进程被延误了），而后说明该事实发生的原因（是因为一场难 以解决的、政治上敏感的辩论），中间的一层意思则表明辩论的由来（执法机关的担心）。这句英 语句子的翻译过程，实际上是按汉语所习惯的逻辑顺序来表达原文的确切意思，而这正是翻译所要 达到的目的。 （c）Each Party hereby agree to indemnify, hold harmless and defend the other Party fro m and against any and all claims, suits, losses, damages and disbursements (including legal and management costs) arising out of any alleged or actual breach of failure to comply with the terms and conditions hereof including but not limited to any infringem ent of the other Party’s intellectual property or other rights occurring as a result o f the offending Party’s fault, omission or activities in connection with the Project. 各方谨此同意，困一方被指控违反、实际违反或未遵守本协议条款和条件包括但不限于由于违约方 与项目有关的过错、不作为或活动导致对另一方和知识产权或其他权利的侵犯，而引起的任何和所 有索赔、诉讼、损害和支出（包括律师费和管理费），该违约方须向另一方做出赔偿，使另一方免 受损害，并为其进行抗辩。 同前面的句子一样，英语把信息的重心放在句首，先表明各方同意的事项（indemnify, hold harml ess and defend the other Party），然后规定因什么原因引起的损失和损害才会给予赔偿（arisi ng out of any alleged or actual breach or failure to comply with the terms and conditi ons）。作为补充内容，句中夹入包括因其他原因（as a result of the offending Party’s faul t, omission or activities in connection with the Project）发生的侵权（infringement of t he other Party’s intellectual property or other rights）。译文则是按汉语的逻辑思路，先 表明因何原因，一方才向另一方做出赔偿。（顺便提一下，理解这句英语句子时，要把句中隐含而 汉有明示的成分考虑在内，译文里增添的“一方”和“该违约方”是为了明确地译出原文的意思所 必需的。） 翻译长句，对英语句子进行拆分和整合，必须是在全面、准确理解原义的基础上进行。译者要做到 心中有数，统揽全句，把握细节，才不至于在复杂的结构中迷失方向。下笔翻译时，要紧扣原句的 意思而不拘泥于原句的结构，把一层一层内容按汉语的时间先后和逻辑关系恰当地链接在一起，最 终组合成既忠实又通顺的译文。国际工程招标说明书中英文对照 国际工程招标说明书 日期： 合同招标一、中华人民共和国从世界银行申请获得贷款，用于支付＿＿＿＿＿项目的费用。部分贷款将用 于支付工程建筑、＿＿＿＿等各种合同。所有依世界银行指导原则具有资格的国家，都可参加招标。二、中国＿＿公司（以下简称Ａ公司）邀请具有资格的投标者提供密封的标书，提供完成合同工 程所需的劳力、材料、设备和服务。三、具有资格的投标者可从以下地址获得更多的信息，或参看招标文件：中国Ａ公司（地址）四、每一位具有资格的投标者在交纳＿＿＿＿＿美元（或人民币），并提交书面申请后，均可从 上述地址获得招标文件。五、每一份标书都要附一份投标保证书，且应不迟于＿＿＿＿＿（时间）提交给Ａ公司。六、所有标书将在＿＿＿＿＿（时间）当着投标者代表的面开标。七、如果具有资格的国外投标者希望与一位中国国内的承包人组建合资公司，需在投标截止日期 前３０天提出要求。业主有权决定是否同意选定的国内承包人。八、标前会议将在＿＿＿＿＿（时间）＿＿＿＿＿（地址）召开。投标者须知一、工程概述（根据具体情况写）二、资金来源ㄒ唬┲谢?嗣窆埠凸?蚴澜缫?校ㄒ韵录虺疲桑疲桑┥昵胍槐蚀?睿?靡灾Ц 叮撸撸撸撸吖こ 獭Ｆ渲胁糠执?罱?糜谥Ц 洞撕贤?こ獭Ｖ挥杏χ 泄???囊?螅??荽?钚?榈奶跫??桑疲刹 呕嵬?飧犊睢３?泄?猓?魏巫橹?荒艽哟?钚?橹谢竦萌?蛉〉么?睢?/P&（二）世行贷款只用于支付瑞士和与中国有商贸关系世行成员国生产的产品和提供的服务。（三）世行贷款不足的部分将由业主用中国政府提供的资金支付。三、资格要求（一）所有根据世行的“采购指导原则”具有资格的国家均可投标。（二）本合同项下的一切货物、服务均应来自上述具有资格的国家。本合同项下的一切开支仅限 于支付这样的货物和服务。（三）货物、服务来源地与投标者国籍含义不同。（四）为说明自己有资格中标，投标者应向业主提供（一）所规定的证明，保证有效地执行合同。 为此，业主和中国Ａ公司在公布中标者前，可要求投标者更新其先前提供的资格证明材料。投标者提 供的材料应包括：（１）法律地位证明文件复本，注册地及主要经营场所。如果是合资公司，应提供合资者的材料。（２）提供主要合同执行人的资格、经历证明材料。（３）填写执行合同计划所需设备。（４）填写可能的分包人。（５）目前进行中涉及投标者的诉讼的情况。（６）建设构想细节。（五）投标者可更新资格证明申请，在投标日亲手交出。（六）由两家或两家以上公司组成的合资企业应满足以下条件：（１）标书和投标成功后的协议书对所有合资人都有法律约束力。（２）由所有合资人的授权签字人签署并提交一份委托书，提名合资人中的一个为主办人。（３）合资主办人被授权承担义务，代表任何一位或全体合资人接受指导。整个合同的执行，包 括款项支付仅由合资主办人办理。（４）所有合资人根据合同条款对合同的执行共同负责。这点声明不仅要在上述委托书中，也要 在标书和协议（投标成功时）中写明。（５）随同标书应有一份合资伙伴间协议的副本。（七）国内投标者、中外合作、合资投标者申请取得７．５％的优惠时，应按二十九条的要求提 供证明合乎标准的材料。四、投标费用投标者承担准备和提交其标书所需的全部费用。无论投标情况怎样，业主和其代理人中国Ａ公司 都不负担这些费用。五、现场参观（一）建议投标者去工程现场参观，以便获得足够的信息准备标书，撰写合同。现场参观费用由 投标者自己承担。（二）业主或其代理人Ａ公司将准备一份现场参观交通、食宿安排协议，在标前会议上向投标者 宣布。详细情况在第十六条有规定。（三）业主或其代理人Ａ公司将为投标者提供通行证，允许其到工程现场作安排。如果业主或其 代理人因发放这样的通行证，造成投标者或其代理人、人员遭受人身侵害（致命或不致命）伤害，财 产遗失或其他损害、开支时，业主或代理人不负责。投标文件六、投标文件内容（一）向投标者发售的一套投标文件可花费＿＿＿＿＿美元（元）获得，包括以下几部分：卷一投标者须知合同条款：一般条款特定条款卷二技术规范（包括图纸清单）卷三投标表格和附件；投标保证书；工程量表；附录。卷四图纸（二）投标文件还包括按条款八在开标前发布的附件和按条款十六召开的标前会议的会议纪要。（三）具有资格的投标者还可购买更多的文件副本，付费不退还。（价格如下，略）（四）项目承包人、生产者、供货人和其他人如欲得到投标文件，不要直接与中国Ａ公司联系， 应从具有资格的投标者处获得。（五）如果在规定的期限内，文件无损坏的被归还，无论是作为标书的一部分或其他情况下，投 标者的资格证明费可被返还：（１）若提交标书，费用的＿％返还；（２）若未提交标书，在投标截止日前归还文件，费用的＿％返还。（六）希望投标者认真阅读投标文件包含的各项内容。投标者要承担因不遵守文件规定导致的风 险。不符合文件规定要求的标书将被拒绝。（七）投标文件四卷装订在一起，投标者应仔细检查是否缺页，及附件是否完整。七、投标文件解释潜在的投标者可按以下地址书面或电传通知Ａ公司要求解释文件：地址：（略）业主或其代理人Ａ公司在提交标书最后期限前２８天书面答复解释文件的要求。 书面答复将向所 有具有资格并已取得投标文件的投标者散发。八、投标文件修正（一）在提交标书最后期限前，业主可根据自己的意愿，或应回复潜在投标者的解释文件的要求， 发布附录修改投标文件。（二）附录将用邮件、电传或电报送达每个持有投标文件的具有资格的投标者，这些文件对他们 是有约束力的。潜在的投标者应即时用电传或电报告知Ａ公司附录已收到。（三）为了使投标者在准备投标时有时间考虑附录文件，业主或其代理人Ａ公司可按条款十九的 规定延长投标期限。投标准备九、标书文字标书和投标者与业主及其代理人Ａ公司之间的一切联络均使用英文。 投标者标书中的一些辅助文 件或小册子可使用另外的语言，但与投标有关的段落要有英语译文。在标书翻译时，以英文为准。十、组成标书的文件（一）投标者准备的标书应包括以下几部件：（１）投标表格和附件（２）投标保证书（３）标价的工程量表（４）补充信息目录表（５）资格证明材料（６）（如果有）可供选择的报价（７）要求提供的其他材料应一律使用本文件卷三中的表格，工程量表和目录表。（除了按同样格式延长目录表和按条款十 四（二）的规定使用可供选择的投标保证书格式）（二）条款六（一）描述的投标文件和按条款八发出的附录均被视作标书的组成部分。不需签字 和按条款十七、十八规定提交的投标文件应在投标期限到期前归还发行者，但不要与标书合在一处。（三）投标者应随标书提交一份按合同条款第十四条要求的形式写就的初期计划。（四）按合同规定可要求中标者讨论修改其计划。十一、投标价格（一）除非合同中另有明确规定，合同包括条款一所述全部工程，以投标者提供的项目单价和总 价为基础。（二）无论工程量是否标明，投标者应对工程量表中的每项工程标明单价和总价。对单价和总价 未标明的项目，在建设中业主不予以支付，其价格视作已包括在工程量表中其他的单价、总价中。（三）在提交标书前２８天承包人应付的关税、税收和其他税负应包括在单价和总价及投标总价 中。业主在对标书进行评估、比较时，也应如此考虑。（四）根据合同条款，投标者提出的单价和总价可在执行合同过程中进行调整。投标者应完成表 三－－价格调整条款－－并按合同条款的要求与投书一起提供这样的配套文件。十二、投标和支付货币（一）投标者应以人民币对单价和总价报价。如果投标者以其他货币支付中国以外提供的工程投 入（称作“外币需求”），要在表一外币需求中写明投标价格的百分之几（不包括临时款项）将用于 这样的外币支出，无论（１）全部用投标者所在国货币或其任选货币；（２）全部用美元。如果投标 者在一部分外币需求中使用除（１）（２）以外的货币，且希望业主以同种货币付款，则应写明其在 投标价格中的百分比。这一比率在合同期内保持不变。在合同条款换算和计算投标价格时，占不同比率的各种货币按下条规定的汇率进行换算。（二） 投标者用以兑换货币的汇率为提交标书最后日期前３０天当天中国银行公布的官方卖出价。 如果某种货币的汇率未公布，投标者应提供汇率并说明其来源。投标准备中使用的汇率适用于合同期 的支付。（三）投标者应在表一（Ａ）外币与当地货币需求及附录中详细说明需要的外币和当地货币数量。 投标者应说明如何使用这些货币，用于但不限于下列方面：外币（１）工程直接雇用的外籍人员；（２）外籍人员的社会收费、保险金和医疗费用及其往来中国的旅行费；（３）工程需要进口的临时或永久性材料；（４）工程所需设备的折旧，包括备件；（５）进口设备、材料及备件的保险费和运费；（６）一般管理费用，国外发生费用。当地货币（１）当地劳力；（２）当地采购材料；（３）其他服务；（４）一般管理费用，国内发生费用。（四）业主可以要求投标者说明其外币需求的情况，提供证明，证明其单位价格和表一中所需部 分是合理的。（五）投标者应在表二写明预计合同支付款额，且在表中附上工程进行过程中预计的工作量。十三、标书效力（一）从特定的投标结束期起６个月内投标书保持有效且可供接受。（二）在特殊条件下，在原标书有效期结束前，业主或其代理人可要求投标者延长其标书有效期。 业主的要求和投标者的答复均应是书面的，或采用电传、电报形式。投标者可以拒绝这样的要求，且 不会因此失去其投标保函。 答应这样要求的投标者不得改动其标书， 但被要求顺延其投标保函有效期。 条款十四中有关投标保函的返还和失去的规定同样适用于延长期。十四、（一）投标者应随其标书提交一份人民币投标保函，金额不少于投标价格的２％。（二）投标保函根据投标者的意愿，可采用以下机构开立的担保支票、银行汇票、不可撤销信用 证或保函的形式：（１）中国银行；（２）中国银行的任何境外代理行；（３）在中国经营的其他中国、外国银行；（４）投标者在提交标书前即肯定Ａ公司可接受的其他外国银行。保函还可以是保险公司或同地的债券公司的付款保证书。 银行保函和付款保证书必须采用本文件 包括的样本形式；其他形式须事先得到业主或其代理人Ａ公司的同意。信用证、银行保函和投标保函 的有效期应比标书有效期长一个月。（三）如果投标者同意按十三款的规定延长标书有效期，则应相应地把投标保函的有效期延长到 标书有效期结束后一个月。（四）任何未附可接受的投标保函的标书都将被Ａ公司拒绝。（五）不成功的标书的投标保函将尽快返还，不得迟于标书有效期结束后三十天。（六）成功的投标者的投标保函将在其开始进行工程和按要求提供履约保函后返还。（七）投标保函在下列情况将失去：（１）投标者在标书有效期内撤标；或（２）成功的投标者未签约或未提供必要的履约保函。十五、供选择的方案（一）投标者可提供一份完全符合投标文件要求的基本标书。根据自己的意愿，投标者还可在以 下几项上在基本标书之外提出供选择的方案：（１）起动贷款在开始建设工程前，提供无息贷款，可相当于投标价格的１０％。业主由此产生的费用或存款按 条款二十八计算。（二）在基本标书之外还可提出供选择的方案。为了在评标中把供选择的方案考虑在内，每一方 案应伴有价格细目表，说明与提交给业主的基本投标价格相比投标者估计会增加或减少的费用。将对 基本报价给予比较、评估。评价最低的投标者的供选择方案将得到考虑。如果供选择方案是业主可接 受的，将写入合同。未标价或未提供足够细节的供选择方案不予接受。（三）供选择的技术方案应伴有供全面评价的必要信息，包括设计计算、图纸、方法及原技术规范中未涉及的材料、工艺的规格，以及供选择方案的标价细目表和供选择方案的合同价格。（四）只有对那些在基本报价基础上提供另外的财务、经济和技术好处的供选择方案，业主才在 评标中给予考虑。十六、标前会议（一） 建议投标者或其正式代表参加于＿＿年＿＿月＿＿日＿＿时在＿＿＿＿＿举行的标前会议。（二）会议旨在回答可能提出的问题，并使投标者有机会检查现场的情况。（三）投标者书面或通过电传、电报提出的问题要求在会议前一周到达Ａ公司。（四）会议记录，包括提出的问题及答复的文本将迅速提供给与会者和全体索取了投标文件的具 有资格的投标者。（五）如果根据标前会议，要对条款六（一）所列投标文件进行修改，应由业主或其代理人Ａ公 司通过发行条款八规定的附录来进行，而不能通过标前会议记录来进行。十七、标书格式和签字（一）投标者应准备条款十（一）规定的标书的一个原本和两个副本，并分别注明“原本”和“副 本”。如果两者之间有不同，以原本为准。（二）标书原本和两个副本应打字或用不能抹掉的墨水书就，并由一名或多名有权责成投标者遵 守合同的人士签字。与标书一起应有一份书面委托书用以证明授权。写有条目和修订内容的每一页标 书都要有在标书上签字人士的缩写签名。（三）全套标书不应有改动、行间书写或涂抹的地方，除非按议程的指示或为改正投标者的错误， 但这种情况下改正的地方应有在标书上签字人士的缩写签名。（四）每位投标者只能提交一份标书，不包括按条款十五提交的供选择方案。投标者对一个合同只能投一次标。十八、标书封缄和标记（一） 投标者应把标书原本和两个副本分别各装入一个内信封和一个外信封， 且在信封上注明 “原 本”、“副本”。（二）（１）内外信封均应注明以下地址：（Ａ公司地址）（２）注明以下事项：为建设合同工程投标＿＿＿＿＿＿项目请勿在＿＿年＿＿月＿＿日＿＿时前打开（三）内信封上应写明投标者姓名和地址，以便在标书误期的情况下不用打开即可退回投标者。 而外信封上不能有任何涉及投标者的信息。（四）如果外信封未按规定注明有关事项。一旦标书被错误处置或提前打开，Ａ公司对此不负任 何责任。提前打开的标书将被业主或其代理人Ａ公司拒绝，予以退回。十九、提交标书最后期限（一）标书应按上述地址在＿＿年＿＿月＿＿日＿＿时之前寄至Ａ公司。（二）业主或其代理人可通过发布条款八规定的附录延长提交标书的最后期限，但至少应在原期 限前七天通过电传或电报通知所有已索取投标文件的具有资格的投标者。在此情况下，所有原期限下 业主和投标者的权利义务顺延至新期限结束。二十、逾期标书Ａ公司在提交标书最后期限之后收到的标书都将不被打开，退回投标者。二十一、标书修改和撤销（一）投标者在提交标书后可对其进行修改或予以撤销，只要修改文件和撤标通知在提交标书最 后期限前送达Ａ公司。（二）投标者的修改文件或撤标通知应按有关提交标书条款的规定准备、封缄、标记和发出。撤 标通知可以通过电传、电报送达，但随后应提交一份有签名的确认件，且其邮戳上日期不能晚于提交 标书最后期限。（三）按条款二十四的规定，任何标书在最后期限后不能再进行修改。（四） 在提交标书最后期限和标书有效期满之间的时间撤标将按条款十四的规定失去投标保证书。开标和评标二十二、开标（一）业主或其代理Ａ公司将于＿＿年＿＿月＿＿日＿＿时在办公地点＿＿＿＿＿当着出席会议 的投标者代表开标，参加开标的投标者代表应签到。（二）按条款二十一提交了撤标通知的标书将不再打开。业主或其代理人将检查标书是否完整， 是否提供了要求的投标保证书，文件是否签字以及是否有条理。（三）在开标时将宣布投标者姓名、投标价格及修订、投标保证书、撤标通知（如果有）以及其 他业主或其代理人认为适宜宣布的事项。（四）业主或其代理人将根据自已的记录准备开标会议记录，并将尽快与评标报告一起递交世界 银行。二十三、过程保密（一）在公开开标后，在向成功投标者授标前，有关对标书的检查、解释、评估及比较以及对授 标的建议等信息不应让投标者或其他与评标过程无关的人士知晓。（二）如果投标者试图在此过程中对业主施加影响，其投标将被拒绝。二十四、对标书的解释为了帮助检查、评价和比较标书，业主和Ａ公司可要求投标者就其标书作出解释，包括单位价格 细目表。提出解释要求和相应的回答均应是书面的，或通过电传或电报进行。除非按条款二十六的规 定， 应要求对业主在评标过程中发现的数学计算错误进行更正， 不得对价格或其他标书要素进行修改。二十五、判定是否符合要求（一）在详细的评标前，业主和Ａ公司将判定每份标书是否符合投标文件的要求。（二）符合要求的标书是符合投标文件的所有条件和规格，而没有实质上的偏差或保留。实质偏 差是指对工程的范围、质量、管理有实质影响，或与投标文件不符，对合同中业主的权利和投标者的 义务有实质性限制。纠正这样的偏差或保留，将对其他提交符合要求的标书的投资者的竞争力有不公 正的影响。（三）不符合投标文件要求的标书将被业主和Ａ公司拒绝。二十六、改正错误（一）被判定实际符合要求的标书，将由业主检查是否有数学计算方面的错误。以下错误将由业 主改正：（１）当数字与文字表示的数额不同时，以文字表示为准，除非文中明确以数字表示为准；（２）当单价和以单价乘以数量得到的总价不同时，以单价报价为准，除非业主认为单价存在严 重错误，在这样的情况下，以总价报价为准，改正单价错误。（二）业主可按上述步骤对标书所列数额错误进行更正，如此更正得到投标者的首肯，则对投标 者有约束力。如果投标者认为更正的数额会给其造成困难，可撤标。不过撤标使投标者面临失去投标 保证书的危险。二十七、换算成一种货币投标价格指应按一定比例以不同货币向投标者支付的款额。为了评价和比较标书，业主可把不同 货币表示的数额（不包括临时费用，但包括加班费）以中国银行开标日人民币卖出价将其换算成人民 币。二十八、评价和比较标书（一） 业主和Ａ公司只评价和比较那些被判定符合投标文件要求的标书。 只对基本报价进行评比， 对评价最低的标书授予合同。（二）在评标中，业主通过下列对报价的调整，确定每份标书的投标价格：（１）按条款二十六改正错误；（２）除去临时费用和相关条款。如果发生临时费用，计入工程量表中的偶发事件。应包括有竞 争力的加班费用；（３）换算成一种货币；（４）按条款二十八（三），估加起动贷款费用；（５）对在标书价格和上述调整中未得到反映的，其他数量变更、偏差或替代报价进行适当的调整；（６）其他业主认为对执行合同、价格和支付有潜在巨大影响的因素，包括标书中不平衡、不现 实的单价的作用。（三）在评标中，每个投标者按条款十五（一）的规定要求的不同的起动贷款给业主造成的费用， 按年贴息率９％计算，应加在投标者的投标价格上。（四）业主和Ａ公司保留接受或拒绝任何变更、偏差和替代报价的权利。超出投标文件要求的变 更、偏差、替代报价和其他因素，或将给业主带来非主动提出的利益的因素在评标中不予以考虑。（五）在合同执行期内适用的价格调整条款在评标中不予以考虑。（六）如果成功投标者的报价与工程师对合同工程所需实际费用的估计相差很远，业主将要求成 功投标者自己承担费用，把按条款三十四提交的履约保函增加，使业主能避免成功投标者今后在执行 合同中因错误引起的损失。二十九、国内投标者优惠（一）国内投标者满足以下条件，即在评标过程中有资格享受７．５％的优惠：（１）在中国注册；（２）中国国民占有大部分所有权；（３）不将超过５０％的合同工程（按价格算）分包给外国投标者。（二）国内及外国公司联合或合资，只要满足以下条件，有资格享受优惠：（１）国内合伙人满足上述资格标准；（２）根据安排，国内合伙人至少完成５０％的合同工程（按价格算）；（３）没有外方参与，在技术或金融方面国内合伙人没有资格进行合同工程。（三）实行优惠须遵守下列程序：（１）在按条款二十八全面评标后，合乎要求的标书被分成下列几组：甲组：国内投标者的标书，满足上述（一）的标准；和合资投标者的标书，满足上述（二）的标 准；乙组：其他投标者的标书。 （２）在进一步评估、比较中，相当于投标价格７．５％的数额（按条款二十八调整后）将 被加在Ｂ组标书的投标价格上。授 标 三十、授标标准 按条款三十一，业主和Ａ公司将把合同交给标书符合投标文件的要求，且按条款二十八和二 十九（如果适用）评价后价格最低的投标者，且该投标者有能力和资源来有效执行合同。业主和 Ａ公司不保证报价最低或任何标书将被接受。 三十一、业主的权利 尽管有条款三十，业主保留以下权利：接受或拒绝任何标书；在授标前任何时候取消招标， 拒绝所有标书，且对因此受影响的投标者不负任何责任，也无义务告知投标者他的行为动机。 三十二、授标通知 （一）在业主规定的标书有效期结束前，业主将用电传或电报（事后用挂号信书面确认）通 知成功的投标者其标书已被接受挂号信（合同条款中称作“接受证书” ）中应明确业主在考虑工 程建设、完成及维修等因素后将支付给承包人的款额（合同条款中称作“投标额”。 ） （二）授标通知构成合同的一部分。 （三）在成功投标者按条款三十四提交一份履约保函后，业主立即通知其他投标者他们的投 标不成功。三十三、签订合同 （一）在通知成功投标者后２８天内，业主将寄去两份投标文件提供的协议，双方同意的规 定已写入。 （二）收到协议后２８天内，成功投标者签字、封缄使协议生效，把两份都还给业主。业主 签字协议生效后，还给承包人一份。 三十四、履约保函 （一）在收到接受证书后２８天内，成功投标者应按合同条款向业主提交一份保函，保证将 执行合同。保函可以使用投标文件中提供的格式，也可使用其他业主接受的格式。 （二）如果成功投标者提交的是一份银行保函，则保函应由一家当地银行，或外国银行通过 一家当地代理行，或投标者认为业主可接受的一家外国银行开具。 （三） 如果保函采取债券方式， 债券应由投标者认为业主可接受的债券公司或保险公司发行。 （四）如果成功投标者未遵守条款三十三、三十四的要求，将构成充足理由使业主取消对其 授标，投标者还将失去投标保证书。 在此情况下，业主可向其次的评价最低的投标者授标。如果没有其他投标者，可重新招标。 【名称】 11. INVITATION TO TENDER 【题注】 Whole Doc. Date: Tender No. 1. The People's Republic of China has-applied for a loan and creditfrom towards the cost of ________________ Project. It isintended that part of the loan and credit will be appliedto eligiblepayment under various contracts for __________,__________. Tendering is open to all tenderers from eligible as definedunder the &Guidelines for procurement& of the WorldBank. the World Bank proceeds of this ____________ , sourcecountries2. ___________ Company now invites sealed tenders from pre-qualifiedtenderers for provision of the necessary labour, materials, equipment andservices for the construction and completion of the project. 3. Pre-qualified tenderers may obtain further documents at the office of: ________. information from, andinspect the tender4. A complete set of tender documents may be obtained by anypre-qualified tenderer for the cost of RMB _________ or US $ ___________on the submission of a written application to the above. 5. All tenders must be accompanied by a Tender Security in anacceptable form and must be delivered to ________ Company at theabove-mentioned address (refer to Item 3) on or before ___________. 6. Tenders will be opened in the who choose to attend at ____________ (time). presence of those tenderers'representatives7. If a prequalified foreign tenderer wishes to form Joint venturewith a domestic contractor, such a request will be considered if receivedwithin ______ days before the closing date for submission of tenders. Theselected local contractor shall be subject to approval by the Employer. 8. The Pre-Tender Meeting will be held on __________ at the followingaddress: _________. Instructions to Tenderers General1. Description of Works (sketch) All tenderers shall have equal access for supply of domestic labourandmaterial. oflocal labour, materials,The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the procurement transportation and other services.The Employer will assist Contractor in locating potential number ofsuppliers for local labour, materials. The Employer will also assist thecontractor in making his own arrangement for supply of fuel andexplosives.2. Source of Funds 2.1 The People's Republic of China has applied for a loan and creditfrom the World Bank (hereinafter referred to as the IFI) towards the costof ____________ Project, and intends to apply a portion of the proceeds ofthe loan and credit to eligible payments under the Contract for whichthese documentsare issued. Payment by the IFI will be made only at therequest of the Chinese Government and upon approval by the IFI and will besubject in all respectsto the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement.No party other than the People's Republic of China shall derive any rightsfrom the Loan Agreement or haveany claim to the loan proceeds. 2.2 Payment from the proceeds of the World Bank Loan will be limitedto goods produced in, and services supplied from, Switzerland and themember countries of the World Bank which have commercial relations withChina. 2.3 All costs not met by the IFI Loan will be paid by the Employerfrom funds allocated by the Government of China.3. Eligibility and Qualification Requirements3.1 This tender is open to all pre-qualified tenderers from eligiblesource countries as defined under the &Guidelines for Procurement& of theworld Bank. 3.2 All goods and services to be supplied under this Contract shallhave their origin in eligible source countries, and all expenditures madeunder the Contract will be limited to such goods and services. 3.3 The origin of goods and services is distinct from the nationalityof the tenderer.3.4 To be eligible for award of contract, tenderers shall haveprovided evidence satisfactory to the Employer of their eligibility underclause 3.1 above, and of their capability and adequacy of resources toeffectivelycarry out the Contract. To this end, the Employer and____________ company may, at any time prior to award of contract, requesttenderers to amplifyor update previously submitted prequalification data.All Tenders submitted sha 【正 文】include the following information:(a) copies of original documents defining the constitution or legalstatus, place of registration and principal place of business of thecompany, firm or partnership or, if a joint venture, of each party theretoconst (b) the qualifications and experience of key personnel proposed foradministration and execution of the Contract, both on and off site, in theformat prescribed in Schedule V; (c) major items of constructional plant and equipment proposed for usein carrying out the Contract in the format prescribed in Schedule IV; (d) a list of proposed sub-contractors in the format prescribed inSchedule VI; (e) information regarding any current litigation in which the (f) the details of the construction methods proposed. 3.5 For the purposes of sub-clause 3.4, tenderers who have beenpre-qualified may update and augment the information supplied with theirapplication for pre-qualification, and, in particular, shall giveparticularsof work in hand at the date of tendering. 3.6 Tenders submitted by a joint venture with the following requirements: of two or more firms aspartners shall comply(a) the tender, and in case of a successful tender signed so as to be legally binthe Form ofAgreement, shall be(b) one of the Joint Venture members shall be andthis authorisation shall be evidenced by submitting a power ofattorneysigned by legally authorised signatories of all the members (c) the joint venture sponsor shall be authorised to incur liabilitiesandreceive instructions for and on behalf of any and all members of thejoint venture and the entire execution of the Contract including paymentshall be done exclusively with the j (d) all members of the joint venture shall be liable jointly andseverally for the execution of the Contract in accordance with theContract terms, and a relevant statement to this effect shall be includedin the authorisation mentioned under (b) above as well as in the Form ofTender and the Form of Agreement (in case of a successful tender); and (e) a copy of the agreement entered into by the joint venture partnersshall be submitted with the tender. 3.7 Domestic tenderers or combinations or joint ventures of domesticandforeign tenderers applying for eligibility for the application of a_____% margin of preference in the comparison of their tender with othertenders shall supply all information required to satisfy the criteria foreligibility as described in Clause 29 of these Instructions.4. Cost of Tendering The tenderer shall bear all costs associated with the preparation andsubmission of his tender and neither the Employer nor his agent___________ Company will in any way be responsible or liable for thosecosts, regardless of the outcome of the tendering process.5. Site Visit 5.1 The tenderer is advised to visit and examine the Site of the Worksandthe surroundings and to obtain for himself on his own responsibility,all information that may be necessary for preparing the tender andentering into a contract. The costs of visiting the site shall be at thetenderer's own expense. 5.2 Arrangements for a visit to site, including transportation andaccommodation. will be made by the Employer or his agent _________ Companyand will be advised to tenderers at the pretender meeting, details ofwhich are given in Clause 16 of these Instructions to Tenderers., 5.3 The tenderer and any of his representatives will be grantedpermission by the Employer or his agent ___________ company to enter uponits premises and lands for the purpose of such inspection by priorarrangement, but only upon the express condition that the tenderer and hisrepresentatives, will release and indemnify the Employer or his agent___________ Companyand its personnel from and against all liability inrespect thereof and willbe responsible for personal injury (whether fatalor otherwise), loss of or damage to property and any other loss, damage,costs and expenses however caused, which, but for the exercise of suchpermission, would not have arisen. Tender Documents6. Content of Tender Documents6.1 The set of documents issued to pre-qualified tenderers for thepurpose of tendering will cost RMB_______ or US $ ______ and will includethe stated number of copies of the following: Number of copies Description 1 Volume 1 Instructions to Tenderers Conditions of Contract: Part I--General Part II--Conditions of Particular Application 1 Volume 2 Specification (incl. list of Drawings) 3 Volume 3 Form of Tender andAppendix thereto Form of Tender Security Bill of Quantities Schedules of Supplementary Information 1 Volume 4 Drawings 6.2 Tender documents shall include any addenda issued prior to theclosing date of tenders in accordance with Clause 8 and any minutes ofpre-tender meetings issued in accordance with Clause 16 of theseInstructions to Tenderers. 6.3 Further copies of the documents may be purchased by non-refundable fee as follows: (sketch) pre-qualifiedtenderers for a6.4 Sub-contractors, manufacturers, suppliers and others who requirecopies of the documents shall not request them directly from _____________but shall obtain them only from pre-qualified tenderers. 6.5 On return of the documents in an undamaged and useable condition,either as part of a tender or otherwise, within the specified time limits,the tenderer's pre-qualification fee will be refunded, as follows: (a) Tender submitted: _________________% refund of fee (b) Tender not submitted but ________________% refund of fee documents returned prior to closing date of tender 6.6 The tenderer is expected to examine carefully all instructions,conditions, forms, terms, specifications and drawings in the tenderdocuments. Failure to comply with the requirements of the Instructions toTenderers wi 【正 文】 at the tenderer's own risk. Tenders which are be to the requirements of the tender documents maybe rejected. notsubstantially responsive6.7 The four volumes of the tender documents have been collated andbound by mechanical means and tenderers should check to ensure that theycontaina【正 文】 pages (which are numbered consecutively) and to are also included.7. Clarification of Tender Documentsthat allsupplementsreferred7.1 A Prospective tenderer requiring any clarification of the tenderdocuments may notify ___________ in writing or by telex at the followingaddress: __________. The Employer or his agent _____________ will respond in writing to anyrequest for clarification which is received more than _____ days prior tothe deadline for submission of tenders. Written copies of the response(including an explanation of the query, but without identifying the sourceof the inquiry) will be sent to all prequalified tenderers who have beenissued with tender documents.8. Amendment of Tender Documents 8.1 Prior to the deadline for submission of tenders, the Employer may,forany reason, whether at its own initiative or in response to aclarification requested by a prospective tenderer, modify the tenderdocuments bythe issue of an Addendum. 8.2 The Addendum will be sent in writing or by telex or telegram toallpre-qualified tenderers who have picked up the tender documents andwill bebinding upon them. Prospective tenderers shall promptlyacknowledgereceipt thereof by telex or telegram to ____________. 8.3 In order to afford prospective tenderers reasonable time in whichto take an Addendum into account in preparing their tenders, the Employeror his agent _________ may, at their discretion, extend the deadline forthe submission of tenders in accordance with Clause 19 hereof. Preparation of Tenders9. Language of Tender 9.1 The tender and all correspondence relating to the tender exchangedby the tenderer and the Employer or his agent __________ shall be inEnglish. Supporting documents and printed literature furnished by thetenderer with the tender may be in another language provided they areaccompanied by an appropriate English translation of pertinent passages.For the purpose of interpretation of the tender, the English version shallprevail.10. Documents Comprising the Tender 10.1 The tender to be Prepared by the tenderer shall contain thefollowing:the Form of Tender and A the Tender S the priced Bill of Q the Schedules of Supplementary Ithe information on eligibilit alternative offers, and any other information required to be submitted in accordance withthese Instructions. The Forms, Bill of Quantities and Schedules provided in Volume 3 ofthese documents shall be used without exception (subject to extensions ofthe Schedules in the same format, and to the provisions of Clause 14.2hereof regarding the alternative forms of tender security). 10.2 All documents issued for the purpose of tendering as described inClause 6.1 and addenda issued in accordance with Clause 8 shall be deemedincorporated in the tender. Tender documents not required to be signed andsubmitted in accordance with Clauses 17 and 18 shall be returned to theoffice of issuebefore the expiry of the tender validity period, but mustnot be enclosed withthe Tender. 10.3 Tenderers shall submit with their tender a preliminary by Clause 14 of the Conditions of Contract. Programmein the format required10.4 The successful tenderer will be required to revise or augment hisProgramme as set out in the Contract.11. Tender Prices 11.1 Unless explicitly stated otherwise in the tender documents, theContract shall be for the whole of the Works ______ as described in Clause1 hereof, based on the schedules of unit rates and amounts submitted bythe tenderer. 11.2 The tenderer shall fill in rates and amounts for all items ofwork described in the Bill of Quantities, whether quantities are stated ornot. Items against which no rate or amount is entered by the tenderer willnot be paidfor by the Employer when executed and shall be deemed coveredby the other rates and amounts entered in the Bill of Quantities. 11.3 All duties, taxes and other levies payable by the Contractorunder the Contract, or for any other cause, as at the date ________ daysprior to the date for submission of tenders shall be included in the ratesand amountsand total tender sum submitted by the tenderer, and theevaluation and comparison of tenders by the Employer shall be madeaccordingly. 11.4 The rates and amounts entered by the tenderer shall be subject toadjustment during the performance of the Contract in accordance with theprovisions of the Conditions of Contract. The tenderer shall completeSchedule III-Price Adjustment Provisions and shall submit with his tendersuch other supporting information as is required under Clause 70 of theConditions of Contract.12. Currencies of Tender and Payment 12.1 The unit rates and prices shall be quoted by the tender entirelyin RMB. A tenderer expecting to incur expenditures in other currencies forinputs to the Works supplied from outsideChina (referred to as &theforeign currency requirements&) shall indicate in Schedule I of &ForeignCurrency Requirements& the percentage of the Tender Price (excludingProvisional Sums) needed by him for the payment of such foreign currencyrequirements either (i)entirely in the currency of the tenderer's homecountry or, at the tenderer's option, (ii) entirely in US dollars, alwaysprovided that a tenderer expecting to incur expenditures in a currency orcurrencies other than those stated in (i) and (ii) above for a portion ofthe foreign currency requirements, and wishing to be paid accordingly,shall so indicate the percentage portion in his tender. The percentageportion indicated shall remain fixed for the duration of the Contract. Theamounts in various currencies calculated on the basisof the percentagesindicated in the Tender and by use of the exchange rates indicated insubclause 12.2 hereinafter, shall be used for the purposeofconversionand comparison of tenders pursuant to Clause 70. 12.2 The rates of exchange to be used by the tenderer for currencyconversion shall be the governing selling rates published by the Bank ofChina on the date ______ day prior to the latest date for the submissionof tenders.If exchange rages are not so published for certain currencies,the tenderer sha 【正 文】state the rates used and the source. For the purpose ofpayments, the exchange rates used in tender preparation shall apply forthe duration of the Contract. 12.3 The total amount of foreign and local currencies expected to shall be substantiated in Schedules I and I(A)-Foreign Currency Requirements, and the annexthereto, Tenderers shall describe the foreign andlocal currencies are expected to be used, relating specifically, Foreign Currency (a) Expatriate staff directly employed on the Works: (b) social charges, insurance premiums and medical care related tosuch staff, and travel expenses between China and t (c) a list of the imported materials, both (d) depreciation and usage of plant W temporary and permanent,required for the W berequired by tenderers and Local Currency manner in which such but notlimited to:and equipment, including spareparts, required for the(e) insurance and freight charges for imported materials, andplant andequipment, including(f) overhead expenses, fees and financial charges incurred outsideChina. Local Currency (g)(h) (i) other services, (j) overhead expenses, fees and financial charges within China. 12.4 Tenderers may be required by the Employer to clarify theirforeign currency requirements, and to provide satisfactory proof that theamountsincluded in the unit rates and in Schedule I are reasonable andresponsive to sub-clause 12.1 hereof. 12.5 The tender shall complete Schedule II - Estimated ContractPayments and shall substantiate the tabulation of this Schedule byattaching a table indicating anticipated major quantities of workperformed over the duration of the Works.13. Tender Validity 13.1 The tender shall remain valid and open for months from the specified date of tender closing. acceptance for aperiod of six calendar13.2 In exceptional circumstances, prior to expiry of the originaltender validity period, the Employer or his agent ____________ may requestthe tenderers for a specified extension to the period of validity. Therequest andthe responses thereto shall be made in writing or by telex ortelegram. A tenderer may refuse the request without forfeiting his tendersecurity. A tendereragreeing to the extension will not be required norpermitted to alter his tender, but will be required to extend the validityof his tender security correspondingly. The provisions of Clause 14 hereofregarding discharge and forfeiture of tender security shall continue toapply during the extended period.14.Tender Security 14.1 The tenderer shall furnish, as part of his tender, a tendersecurity in RMB Yuan in an amount of not less than _____ % of the TenderSum. 14.2 The tender security shall, at the tenderer's option, be in theform of a certified cheque, a bank draft, an irrevocable letter of creditor a guarantee from either: (a) Bank of C (b) any of its correspondent bank abroad through Bank of C (c) any other Chinese or foreign bank operating in C (d) any other foreign bank determined by the Tenderer be acceptable to ___________. in advance ofsubmission of bids toor a bond issued by an insurance company or bonding companylikewiselocated. The formatof the bank guarantee or bond shall be in accordancewith one of the sample forms include other formatsmay be permitted subject to the prior approval of the Employer or hisagent __________. Letters of credit, bank guarantees and tender bondsshall be valid for one calendar month beyond the validity of the tender. 14.3 In the event of a Tenderer agreeing to a specified extension oftender validity in accordance with Clause 13 of the Instructions toTenderers, the Tenderer shall Provide an extension in the validity of thetender security of one calendar month beyond the validity of the extendedtender. 14.4 Any tender not accompanied by an acceptable tender security _________ as non-responsive. willbe rejected by14.5 The tender securities of unsuccessful tenderers will bedischarged or returned as promptly as possible, but not later than ______days after the expiration of the period of tender validity prescribed. 14.6 The tender security of the successful tenderer will be dischargedor returned upon the tenderer executing the Contract and furnishing therequired performance security. 14.7 The tender security may be forfeited: (a) if a tenderer withdraws his tender during the peri or(b) in the case of the successful tenderer, if he fails to: (i) sign the A or (ii) furnish the necessary performance security.15. Alternative Offers 15.1 The tenderer shall submit a basic tender which complies fullywith the requirements of the tender documents. The tenderer may, at hisoption,and in addition to the basic tender, offer tenders incorporatingalternativesto any of the following items now specified: (a) Advance Loan for Mobilisation An interest free advance loan will be made available to assist theContractor before commencing construction of the Works. Offers may be madefor such a loan of up to ________% of the Tender Sum. Evaluation will bemade of theassociated costs or savings accruing to the Employer inaccordance withClause 28. (b) (written as specific conditions). 15.2 Alternatives may be submitted in addition to basic tender. Inorder for alternativesto be considered in the process of tenderevaluation, each alternative shall be accompanied by a detailed pricebreakdown indicating the tenderer's estimate of the additional or reducedcost in presentvalue to the Employer (refer to subclause 28.3 hereof)compared to the basic Tender Sum. Comparison and evaluation will be donefor the basic offer andalternatives of the lowest evaluated tenderer willbe given due consideration.Ifthe alternative offers were to be acceptedby the Employer, these will be incorporated into the Contract. Alternativeoffers which are not priced, or which are not substantiated in sufficientdetail, will be rejected. 15.3 Offers of technical alternatives shall be accompanied by allinformation necessary for a complete evaluation, including designcalculations, drawings, method statements and specifications for materialsand workmanship where the alternative is not covered by the Specification,together with a breakdown of the alternative prices and the TotalAlternative Contract Sum. 15.4 Only those alternative offers which appear to provide additionalfinancial, economic or technical benefits over the basic offer will beconsidered by the Employer in tender evaluation (refer to Clause 28).16. Pre-Tender Meeting 16.1 The tenderer or his official representative is advised to attenda pre-tender meeting which will convene on ______________at ___________ atthe ___________. 16.2 The purpose of the meeting will be to clarify issues and toanswer questions on any matter that may be raised at that stage and toallow tenderers to inspect the Site and to examine conditions. 16.3 Tenderers are requested to submit any questions in writing or reach__________ not later than one week before themeeting. bytelex or telegram, to16.4 Minutes of the meeting, including copies of the questions raisedandresponses given, will be furnished expeditiously to all thoseattendingthe meeting, and subsequently to all pre-qualified tenderers whohave pickedupthe tender documents. Any modification of the tenderdocuments listed in sub-clause 6.1 which may become necessary as a resultof the pre-tender meeting shall be made by the Employer or his agent___________ exclusivelythrough the issue of an Addendum pursuant toClause 8, and not through the minutes of the pre-tender meeting.17. Format and Signing of Tenders 17.1 The tenderer shall prepare one original and two duplicate copiesof the documents comprising the tender as described in Clause 10.1 hereof,bound within the Volume 3, and clearly marked &Original Tender& and&Duplicate Tender&as appropriate. In the event of any discrepancy betweenthem, the original shall prevail. 17.2 The original and two duplicate copies of the tender shall betyped or written in indelible ink and shall be signed by a person orpersonsduly authorised to bind the tenderer to the Contract. Proof ofauthorisation shall be furnished in the form of a writtenPower ofAttorney which shall accompany the tender. All pages of the tender whereentries or amendments have been made sha