听!一些鸟儿在唱歌正在树上唱歌英语句子

他听见鸟在树上唱歌,英语句子怎么写?_百度知道
他听见鸟在树上唱歌,英语句子怎么写?
He heard the birds singing in the tree,
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人教新目标七年级下册英语期末复习.doc 12页
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Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
短语记忆
what club 什么样的俱乐部
want to join 想加入
what sports 什么样的运动
tell stories 讲故事
be good at… 擅长…
be good at telling stories 擅长讲故事
story telling club 讲故事俱乐部
like to draw ( like drawing ) 喜欢画画
also 也(用在be 后,行为动词前) help (sb.) with sth. 在某方面帮某助某人
help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
be good with
对…有办法
make friends
on the weekend = on weekends
在周末
old people’s home 敬老院
Students’ Sports Center 学生运动中心
tell you stories 给你讲故事
need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事
school show 学校演出
need help to teach music需要帮助教音乐
English-speaking students 讲英语的学生
Show sb sth. 把某物给某人看
句子记忆
1. 我们在敬老院里需要帮助We need help at the old people’s home.
2. 你善于和老人相处吗?Are you good with old people?
3. 他们能给你讲故事,而你能交朋友。
They can tell you stories, and you can make friends.
4. 周末你有时间吗?Do you have time on the weekend?
5. 他们非常擅长讲故事。They are very good at telling stories.
6. 你能进行什么运动?What sports can you play?
7. 你想参加什么俱乐部?What club do you want to join?
8. 她妈妈每晚讲一个故事。Her mother tells a story every night.
9. 你能把你的新手表给我看看吗?Can you show me your new watch?
练习:翻译下列句子。
练习一
1. 你可以参加一个俱乐部并且交一些朋友。 2. 英语我能说得好.
3. 杰克会游泳但我不会。 4. 她不会下棋
5. 我想参加美术社团。
6. 他们很擅长讲故事。
7. Mary擅长运动,她加入了两个运动俱乐部
8. 你会跳舞吗,
9. 让我们加入讲故事俱乐部吧
10. Alice汉语讲不好,但她想加入汉语俱乐部
练习二
1. 你会什么运动?
2. 你想加入什么俱乐部
3. Linda想加入音乐俱乐部
4. 你会游泳吗? 不,我不会。
5. 你们会说英语吗?是的,我们会。
6. 她会下棋吗?不会。
7. Bill和Jane会跳舞吗?是的,他们会。
8. 你会做什么事情?我会弹吉它。
练习三
1. 每个周末她妈妈都讲两个故事。
2. 你奶奶会讲故事吗?
3. 史密斯先生说汉语说得很好。
4. 你能让我看一下你的新iPad吗?(show sb sth)
5. 我们需要学生参加校园演出 (school show)
6. 我姐姐不会打篮球也不会踢足球。7. 你会唱歌还是跳舞?
练习四
1. 我弟弟游泳也很好。2. 迈克也在足球俱乐部。
3. 她妹妹也会下棋。 4. 你能帮助我学习英语吗?
5. 他想在运动方面帮助说英语的学生。
6. 布朗女士擅于和学生们交往。
7. 杰克不太擅于与人相处。
8. 你可以参加一个俱乐部并且交一些朋友。
9. 琳达想和他们交朋友。
10. 他们想在周末去下棋。
11. 杰克总是在周末去足球俱乐部。
练习五
1. 你擅长交朋友吗?
2. 我善于和孩子们打交道。
3. Mary常在英语方面帮助我。(with)
4. 他也能拉好小提琴.(also)
5. 如果你会弹钢琴,你就能参加我们的学校音乐节。
6. 我们的运动俱乐部需要运动方面的帮助
7. 如果你擅长讲故事,请到讲故事俱乐部来
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
短语
1. get up 起床早起床
2. get up early 早起床
3. go to school 上学
4. get dressed 穿好衣服
5. brush teeth 刷牙
正在加载中,请稍后...句型转换。1.Iwanttohelpcheerthesickupatthelocalcarecenter
练习题及答案
句型转换。
1. I want to help cheer the sick up at the local care center.(改为同义句)  I         like ____ cheer the sick up at the local care center.2. I found the lost boy and I also sent him home.(改为同义句)  Not only                         the lost boy, but also I sent him home.3. He told me not to shut the door.(改为直接引语)    &                         the door”, he said to me.4. They set up a help center to help the homeless people.(用定语从句改写句子)  They set up a help center to help the people                   have a home.5. A school has been established in our village.(同义句转换)   A school has been                  in our village.
题型:句型转换难度:中档来源:同步题
所属题型:句型转换
试题难度系数:中档
答案(找答案上)
1.  to     2. did I find     3. Do not shut      4. who/that don't      5. set up
马上分享给同学
初中三年级英语试题“句型转换。1.Iwanttohelpcheerthesickupatthelocalcarecenter”旨在考查同学们对
情态动词、
动词短语、
直接引语,间接引语、
定语从句、
……等知识点的掌握情况,关于英语的核心考点解析如下:
此练习题为精华试题,现在没时间做?,以后再看。
根据试题考点,只列出了部分最相关的知识点,更多知识点请访问。
考点名称:
情态动词后面加动词原形,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩。
情态动词有哪些?
情态动词又称为情态助动词, 主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall , should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气,情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等,没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词的特点
1.情态动词无人称和数的变化,
2.情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 &not&。
3.个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。
4.情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
情态动词常考知识点:
1.情态动词+动词完成式: must have done
情态动词+动词完成式即&情态动词+ have + done分词&,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
(1)must have done:表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.
例如: Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
(2)may / might have done:表示推测过去某事&也许&发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:
I can&t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
(3)could have done在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.
(4)ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn&t have done
ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn&t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示&责备&、&不满&,分别表示&本应该&&和&本不应该&&。
(5)needn&t have done:表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为&本没必要&&。例如:
You needn& I don&t have to go to work today.
注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:&I wonder how Tom knew about your past.&
2.情态动词+动词进行式: must be doing
情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + doing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如:He must be playing basketball in the room.
3.情态动词+动词完成进行式: must have been doing
情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如:He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
4.某些情态动词的特殊用法: need
考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别。情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下。
时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need
He need (needn&t) do
Need he do&.?
He needs (doesn&t need) to do
He needed (didn&t need) to do
He need (needn&t) do
Need he do&.?
He will (not) need to do
注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.
5.dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
情态动词dare与实义动词dare在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比.
句型 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
现在时 dare to 少用
过去时 dare to 少用
现在时 dare/dares to do
过去时 dared to do
现在时 daren&t/dare not do
过去时 dared not do
现在时 do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 did not dare (to) do
现在时 Dare he do?
过去时 Dared he do?
现在时 Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
过去时 Did he dare (to) do
6.can和may
考试中主要测试can,may或could,might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑 问句的回答。
(1)can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性;而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外,can还具有&有能力&的意思,而may与might则不具此意。例如:
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
(2)May I / we &?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或C否定回答为Please don&t.或No, you mustn&t. 例如:
&May we leave now?& &No, you mustn&t. You haven&t finished your home work yet.&
7.can 和 be able to
can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力,但两者在用法上有点差异:can (could)表示主观能力,不表示意愿,它的将来时用 be able to表示主观意愿,强调要克服困难去做某事。例如:My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
8.must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示&必须&,但有几点区别:
(1)must 强调&内在的职责&、&义务&,而have to 强调&外界压力&、&不得已而为之&。
(2)have to可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
(3)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn&t,而要用needn&t或don&t have to,因为mustn&t是&一定不要&、&一定不能&的意思。例如:You must come to the classroom before eight.
9.used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
(1)used to +v意为&过去常常&,&过去一直&;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为&习惯于&;be used to +v意为&被用来(做某事)&。
(2)used to只表示过去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如:
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn&t.
2)He&s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
10.用作情态动词的其他短语would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如:
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I&d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don&t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注:这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句,that 常省去,从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时,对过去的假设用过去完成时。
考点名称:
动词短语:动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语。
动词短语搭配形式及用法
1.动词+副词
①作及物动词,例:
He brought up his children strictly.
从以上的例句中可以看出,在&动词+副词&的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:
宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。
而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。
②作不及物动词,例:
Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)
③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:
The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。
The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。
2.动词+介词
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:
I don&t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)
3.动词+副词+介词
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。
它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例:
We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)
4.动词+名词
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,
后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:
Let&s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)
5.动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,
例:Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。
6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词
这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,
例:I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。
常见动词短语和词语搭配
1.动词+about,如:speak/talk about谈论、think about思考
2.动词+away,如:throw away扔掉、blow away吹走
3.动词+back,如:keep back隐瞒、忍住,hold back控制住
4.动词+for,如:run for竞选,ask for要求得到
5.动词+down,如: burn down烧毁,take down记下,记录
6.动词+at,如:come at 向...袭击,run at冲向,向...攻击
7.动词+from,如:differ from与...不同,suffer from受...苦
8.动词+of,如:think of想到,consist of由...组成
9.动词+off,如:start off出发,set off出发
10.动词+on,如:depend on依靠,insist on坚持
11.动词+out,如:break out爆发,point out指出
考点名称:
直接引语的定义:
直接引语,又称直述句、直接引文,是引语的一种,用于直接地引述人或机构说的话。
间接引语是用自己的话来转述别人,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。
直接引语和间接引语关系:
直接引语:直接引述别人的话(句子中有&&)。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫&间接引语&(句子中一般无&&)
间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:
人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。例如:
She said, &I am very happy to help you.&&She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导。例如:
He asked me, &Do you like playing football?&&He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如:
My sister asked me, &How do you like the film?&&My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如:
The captain ordered, &Be quiet.&&The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, &Don't laugh.&&My teacher asked me not to laugh.
一些注意事项:
(1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The teacher said &The earth goes round the sun.&
&The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:
He said to me, &I was born in 1973.&
&He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
He said, &I'm a boy, not a girl.&
&He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,
在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The girl said, &I get up at six every morning.&
&The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,
在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
He said to me, &I have taught English since he came here .&
&He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,
在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:
The teacher said to me . &You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.&
&The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , &I could swim when I was only six .&
&He said that he could swim when he was only six.
(7)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:
He asked Lucy, &Where did you go?&&He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, &What do you want, Ann?&&Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
直接引语变间接引语:
A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句
若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句,那么改为间接时,要用连词 that (可以省略)
&&&&&&.一般疑问句,&&.,要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略)
&&&&&&.特殊疑问句,&&.,要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身(不可省)
(1)主句动词的变化
一般说来,主句谓语动词常为said或said to,变为间接引语时,当直接引语是陈述句时,said不变。
当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时,则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb.
(2)从句人称的变化
由直接引语变间接引语时,从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。
②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变。例如:
①They said, &We will go there by bus.& &They said they would go there by bus.
②She said to me, &Are you interested in science?& &She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me, &He can't go to school.& &His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
(3)、从句动词时态的变化
a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。
①一般现在时&一般过去时;
②一般过去时&过去完成时;
③现在进行时&过去进行时;
④现在完成时&过去完成时;
⑤过去完成时&过去完成时(不变);
⑥一般将来时&过去将来时。例如:
The girl said, &I'm sorry for being late for class.& &The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b. 直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如:
He says, &I have finished my homework.& &He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, &I'll do it tomorrow.& &She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变。例如:
The teacher said, &The earth moves around the sun.& &The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
(4)、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词的变化为this&that, these&those等;
时间状语的变化为now&then, today&that day, yesterday&the day before, tomorrow&the next day等;
地点状语的变化为here&there;动词的变化为come&go(go 不要变come)。例如:
1. She said, &I will come this evening.& &She said that she would go that evening.
2. He said, &My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.& &He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth
当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth
当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth
直接引语变间接引语的四个注意事项:
(一).间接引语即为宾语从句。间接引语是从直接引语转换来的,结构上就是宾语从句。可从以下四种句型去掌握。
1.直接引语是陈述句时,间接引语是由连词that引导的宾语从句,that常可省略。主句中的say to sb.常根据需要改为tell sb。
①He said, &I&m a doctor.&&He said(that)he was a doctor.
②She said to me, &I&m studying English these days.&
&She told me that she was studying English those days .
2.直接引语是一般问句时,间接引语是由whether(if)引导的宾语从句。主句的谓语动词多用ask。
③She asked, &Are you preparing for it ?&
&She asked whether(if)we were preparing for it .
(二)时态转化中的不变。
1.直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时时态不变。
⑧The teacher said to the pupils, &The earth is round.&
&The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.
(三)其它方面转化中的不变
如直接引语要变为间接引语,转述发生在当天、当地的事,直接引语中的come here, tomorrow, this morning, today, yesterday等不必随着改变。
10.He said ,&I&ll come here this evening.&
&He said he would come here this evening.
(四)结合实际,灵活使用。
学习语法要结合实际,提高运用语言的实际能力。直接引语变间接引语也要看情况,做到用适当的表达方式准确引述原话。请看下例:如果设A为听者,B和C为第三者,可根据转述者和听者的不同,分别转述为如下的间接引语。
12.He said,&You are in Class Two.&
&He said that I was in Class Two.(A对B、C转述)
&He said that you were in Class Two.(B或C对A转述)
&He said that he(he-指A)was in Class Two.(B对C或C对B转述)
如果说话者转述自己的话,人称也不需变化。
考点名称:
定语从句的定义:
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后,这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句在四、六级和研究生入学考试以及各类应试中都是一项重要的测试内容。
定语从句的分类:
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去;
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
1.由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语。如:
The comrade that(who)is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.
正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。
Is this the doctor that(whom)you talked about yesterday?
这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?
The letter that(which)I received yesterday was from my father.
昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。
2.由who,whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语,whose在从句中作定语。如:
This is the thief who stole my bike.这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
3.由which引导的定语从句
which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如:
The book which Mum bought me last week is called&Red Star Over China&.
妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
4.由where,when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语,when在从句中作时间状语,why在从句中作原因状语。如:
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
He will go back to the school where he studied next week.下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin.我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。
[注意点]
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词常省去。如:
The play(which)I watched just now had been on twice on Channel
我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。
限定性定语从句:
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;
它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且,如果which在从句中作&不及物动词+介词&的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间&time&一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
限制性定语从句难题讲解:
1.请看下面的题:
How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.
A. to has come B. to have come
C. to having come D. has come
【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语 look forward to意为&盼望&,其中的 to 是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词 to 的宾语不是have come,而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是:the holiday为句子主语,we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that,被省略),has come 是句子谓语。
请做以下类似试题:
2.The man you referred to _____ just now.
A. comes B. come
C. coming D. came
【分析】答案选 D,句子主语为 the man,you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句,空白处填 came,为句子谓语。
3.The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies.
A. proves B. prove
C. proving D. be proved
【分析】答案选 A,he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句,句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.
4.The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.
A. was B. be
C. being D. been
【分析】答案选 A,he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.
5.I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her.
A. to help B. help
C. helping D. helped
【分析】答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语,正确的句子分析是:that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句,finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that,其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。
6.Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing?
A. spending B. being spent
C. spend D. to spend
【分析】答案选 D。enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词 which,不是其后的动词 spending。此题中的 to spend& 用作目的状语。&
考点名称:
倒装句的定义:
倒装(inverted sentence),又称、倒装、倒置、倒句,是语言中修辞法的一种。主要是把词语或句子内的重要部分置前以作强调。
倒装句分类:
倒装句主要有四种:
(1)主谓倒装。在感叹句或疑问句中,为了强调谓语而将它放到句首,以加强感叹或疑问语气。
例:甚矣,汝之不惠。全句是&汝之不惠甚矣&。谓语前置,表强调的意味,可译为&你太不聪明了&。
(2)宾语前置。否定句中代词充当宾语、疑问代词充当动词或介词的宾语以及用&之&字或&是&字作为提宾标志时,宾语通常都要前置。
例:&何陋之有&即&有何陋&的倒装。可译为&有什么简陋呢&,&何&,疑问代词,&之&,助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。
(3)定语后置。古汉语中有时为了突出修饰语,将定语放在中心词之后。
例1:遂率子孙荷担者三夫,
&荷担者三夫&是&三夫荷担者&的倒装,定语&三夫&后置,以突出中心词&荷担者&,可译为&三个能挑担子的成年男子&。
例2:予谓菊,花之隐逸者也。
&花之隐逸者&是&隐逸之花&的倒装。可译为&具有隐逸气质的花&
例3:尝贻余核舟一 。
&核舟一&是&一核舟&的倒装,定语&一&后置,可译为&一个核舟&
(4)介宾结构后置
A、用介词&于&组成的介宾短语在文言文中大都后置,译成现代汉语时,除少数译作补语外,大都数都要移到动词前做状语。
例:1、何有于我哉?
全句为&于我有何&的倒装句,介宾结构&于我&后置。译为&在我身上有哪一样呢&
2、告之于帝。
是&于帝告之&的倒装,介宾结构&于帝&后置,译为&向天帝报告了这件事&
倒装句使用情况:
A. 在疑问句中
各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如:
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗?
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你们是在谈论你们上周一看的那部电影吗?
Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除开英语,你还能说另一种外语吗?
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪儿买的这本词典,是在附近的书店还是在新华书店?
She is not a student, isn't she ? 她不是个学生,对吗?
B. 在感叹句中
某些感叹句也用倒装语序。例如:
Isn't it a beautiful garden ! 多么美丽的花园啊!
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美丽的花园啊!
(在这种句式中,主语在谓语之前,属于自然语序。对于主语和谓语而言,语序没有倒装。)
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him ! 你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮!
C. 在陈述句中
陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳如下:
1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用&so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语&或&neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语&的倒装句式。
其中第一个句式表示&与前面所述的肯定情况相同&, 第二个句式表示&与前面所述的否定情况相同&。例如:
His brother
so is mine.
他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
His brother is n nor is min .
他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
He used to have his
他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
He didn't use to have his
neither did I.
他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
One of my friends can speak thr so can his wife.
我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。
One of my friends cannot speak thr neither can his wife .
我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。
They are now preparing for thei so are we .
他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。
They are not now preparing for thei nor are we .
他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。
2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。
这类词或短语常见的有:
not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner & (than), hardly & (when), not only & (but also), not until& ,等。例如:
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。
Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.
我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。)
去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。
3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。例如:Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有这样,你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。
4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首,且谓语是come, go, be等动词时,句子一般要全部倒装。
其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:
Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。
Look, there comes the taxi.瞧,出租车过来了。
Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。
Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。
5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时,句子一般要全部倒装。
这类句子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:
Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了&爱司&。
Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。
6) 其他情况还有:省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句,等等也要用倒装句式。例如:
(省略了if的虚拟条件句)Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
如果没有他们的帮助,我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。
Should he come, say &Nobody in& to him.
万一他来了,对他说:&公司没人。&
(某些表示祝愿的句子)May our friendship last forever.
愿我们的友谊常存!
May your company become prosperous.
祝贵公司生意兴隆!
(某些让步状语从句)Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.无论我使多大的劲,我也无法搬起那块石头。
They said they would follow the Party's lead come what might.
他们说无论发生什么情况,他们都会跟党走的。
7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。
Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .
家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。
On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。)
&I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow,& said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .
汤姆对他妈妈说:&我明天动身去北京。&
Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.
许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。
Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .
这家饭店隔壁还有一家大饭店,那家饭店装修十分华丽。
完全倒装与部分倒装:
1.完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称&全部倒装&,是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
谓语+主语+&&
①There be(的各种形式)+主语(+地点或时间状语)
There was a drop in the temperature.温度下降了
There are brids singing in the tree.鸟儿在树上唱歌。
②副词小品词+谓语动词+名词主语+&&
③过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+&&
2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(又称半倒装句):
指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;
后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
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