2013考研英语试题及解析
2013考研英语试题及解析,考研英语真题
- 考研英语真题 】2013考研英语试题及解析
　　2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
　　一试题详解
　　Section Ⅰ Use of English
　　Directions: Read the following text. Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
　　People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.
　　To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
　　He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
　　Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
　　1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
　　2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
　　3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
　　4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all
　　5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
　　6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
　　7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
　　8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
　　9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
　　10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
　　11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
　　12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
　　13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
　　14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
　　15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
　　16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
　　17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
　　18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
　　19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
　　20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
　　答案：
　　1-5: ADCAB
　　6-10: BADDA
　　11-15: DCBDB
　　16-20: CACBC
　　答案详解：
　　2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。讲述的是有关判断的问题。这类文章出现在今年的中，符合历年的出题形式。但是考生在没有掌握单词基本知识和解题技巧的情况下也会感到很困难。
　　相较于2012年的完型来说，今年的考题适中。考查的词汇部分涉及到名词、动词、形容词和介词。其中，动词考查的频率最高，占完型部分考题的35%。第4、7、15和17题考察了逻辑连接题，占完型题目的20%。考生要在掌握上下文结构的基础上准确完成这类考题。其次，在文章考查点里有两处涉及到了后置定语的语法知识，即第5和第10题。一处是形容词加介词构成后置定语，一处是过去分词作后置定语，而这两点在跨考一阶的讲义中，各位语法老师已经跟考生们专门讲解过。后期陆陆续续的阅读和写作课里，也是反复提到的语法点。
　　遵循以往完型填空的结构形式，今年的考题仍然秉承了总分的结构。第一段引出话题并介绍Dr. Simonsohn 的观点。第二、三、四段具体介绍了Dr. Simonsohn为理论采取的实验以及最后的发现。而且在文章第一句话就给出了整篇文章的中心主线&People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.
　　总之2013年的考题在日常强调的&单词加技巧等于高分&的解题方式下，定会被迎刃而解。
　　1. [标准答案] [A]
　　[考点分析] 上下文语义和词汇辨析
　　[选项分析] 本题考查动词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B]和[D]。这句话中 that 引导一个定语从句，主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。[C]中transmit 为 传播，不符合上下文意思。
　　2. [标准答案] [D]
　　[考点分析] 上下文语义
　　[选项分析] which are unbiased 这个定语从句做插入语修饰 judgment。这句话的意思是&通过XXX因素作出公正判决的能力&，由此可以排除[A] 和 [B]。做这一题时，我们需要理解第一句话，给我们提供了一个大的背景和条件。第一句话说&人们不擅长利用背景信息作决定&，所以可以推出这儿并不是&通过关键信息&来做出公正的判决，而是通过其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判决。根据上下文意思，可以推出 [D] 为正确答案。
　　3. [标准答案] [C]
　　[考点分析] 上下文语义和固定搭配
　　[选项分析] big picture 是一个固定搭配，指(事情的)主要部分;重点，故选[A]。其它词语与big 搭配，均没有这层意思。
　　4. [标准答案] [A]
　　[考点分析] 逻辑衔接题
　　[选项分析] 根据上下文的逻辑关系判断，在提出一个观点之后，接下来就是进行例证。选项中只有[A] 表示&例如&，符合这一逻辑关系，故选[A]。[B]表示&平均&的意思;[C]为&大体上，原则上&;[D] 为&首先&，均不符合。
　　5. [标准答案] [B]
　　[考点分析] 上下文语义和词汇辨析
　　[选项分析] 这四个选项均可以与介词 of 搭配，[A] 表示&喜欢&， [B] 表示&害怕，恐怕&， [C] 表示&能够，具有&能力&， [D] 表示&轻率的，考虑不周的&。of 后面的短语作 judge 的定语，这句话意思是&XXX地显得对犯罪太过软弱的法官可能更倾向于给被告作出判刑的判决&。根据上下文的意思，可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。而&显得对犯罪太过软弱&显然不是某种能力，故可以排除[C] 选项。根据上下文意思，害怕显得过于软弱的法官，才会更倾向于作出较严厉的判决。故选[B]。
　　6. [标准答案] [B]
　　[考点分析] 介词搭配
　　[选项分析] soft on sb/sth 是一个固定搭配词组，表示&对某人/某事态度偏软，不够严厉&的意思，故选[B]。
　　7.标准答案A
　　考点分析 逻辑衔接题
　　选项分析 前半句含义是&一个担心自己会犯罪行为上表现的过分软弱的法官可能会判人入狱&，后半句含义是&当天他已经判五到六个人缓刑&两句间的逻辑关系明显为假设。A if 表示假设&如果&。B until &直到。。。才。。。&。C though &然而&，表转折。D unless &除非&，表让步。前半句是结果主句，后半句是一个假设条件，所以选C
　　8.标准答案 D。考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析
　　选项分析 本句话是说要进行试验来验证观点。空格后的名词idea作宾语，对决定动词十分关键。
　　动词意思应为&测试&。A promote &促进&。B emphasize &强调&。C share &分享&。D test &测试&。只有D 选项和&观点&搭配，符合语境。
　　9.标准答案 D。考点分析 上下文语义及名词辨析
　　选项分析 本句话含义是讲其中一个申请者与其他申请在中的关系。申请者希望成功。A decisioin &选择&。B quality &质量&。C status &身份&。D success &成功&。只有D 项搭配，符合语境。
　　10.标准答案 A。考点分析 后置定语
　　选项分析 本句意为测试中随机选出的其他申请者。A chosen &选出&。B stupid &笨的&。C found &发现&。D identified &识别&。只有A 选项和申请者搭配意为选出来的申请者，符合语境。
　　11.标准答案 D。考点分析 逻辑衔接题
　　选项分析 后半句开头的but已经暗示了下文的连接词。内容上前半句意为一个申请者的面试成功和其他申请者没有关系，后半句意为西蒙森怀疑事实。明显是转折关系。A exceptional &例外的&。B defensible &可防御的&。C replaceable &可替换的&。D otherwise &相反的&。只有D项可以表转折关系，所以选D。
　　12. 标准答案 C。考点分析 后置定语
　　选项分析 本句前半句是说西蒙森研究了面试者的结果，后半句含义是招生办官员。所以这里应该是招生办官员举行面试，后半句做后置定语。A inspire &鼓舞&。B expressed &表达&。C conducted &举行&。D secured &保护&。所以结合上下文可以得出只有C项符合语境。
　　13.标准答案B
　　考点分析 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
　　选项分析 文中句子含义为，&面试官有13个申请者一到五级打分&A .assign 分配;指派; 将财产过户(尤指过户给债权人)B .rate 认为;估价，C.match 使比赛D .arrange 安排，根据上下文含义，应选B.
　　14.[标准答案] [D]
　　[考点分析] 固定搭配。 题干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. 空格处需要动词一个。因为后面有into consideration. 所以选took. Take into consideration 是把什么考虑在内的意思。
　　15.B。本题考查逻辑关系，通过上下文应该选择一个表顺承先后顺序的词，只有B项then合适。
　　16. [标准答案] [C]
　　[考点分析] 上下文语义和逻辑关系
　　[选项分析] 这句话 which 引导一个定语从句，修饰 exam，考试都有一个总分，这句话的意思是说&以800分计算的标准测试&，可以排除[A]、[B]和 [D]选项。mark 表示&得分&，符合原文意思，故选[C]。
　　17. [标准答案] [A]
　　[考点分析] 上下文语义和逻辑关系
　　[选项分析] 根据词语的意思和搭配，可以排除 [C] 和 [D] 选项。这题的选择必须与后面一题联系起来进行选择，这句话说&前面候选者的分数比XXX的候选者高0.75分&，则&下一个候选者则XXX&，由此可知，&前面的候选者&肯定不能是比他后面的人分数高，排除[B]。[A] 选项符合上下文逻辑关系，故选[A]。
　　18.B. 根据上下文意思，是一种up和down 的趋势，17空前面是up趋势，所以18谓语动词应该选&下降&的趋势的动词，A,B,C,D之中明显的表下降的是B项， drop相对于前面的high。
　　19.B。根据上下文应该选一个&消除&影响的含义的动词，答案当中B项和A,C相反，B是&消除&即&不会产生&，符合上下文。
　　20.C。本题需要找个形容词修饰points, A 项promising &有前途的，有希望的&;意思不合适，很明显B,C,D当中C项necessary符合上下文。
　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
　　Text 1
　　In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn&t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant&s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
　　This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn&t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline&s three-year indictment of &fast fashion&. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal&& meant to last only a wash or two, although they don&t advertise that&&and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
　　The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.
　　Overdressed is the fashion world&s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan&s The Omnivore&s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,& Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year&&about 64 items per person&&and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
　　Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes&&and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades
her example, can&t be knocked off.
　　Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment&&including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line&&Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. V people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can&t afford to it.
　　21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
　　[A] poor bargaining skill.
　　[B] insensitivity to fashion.
　　[C] obsession with high fashion.
　　[D]lack of imagination.
　　22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to
　　[A] combat unnecessary waste.
　　[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
　　[C] resist the influence of advertisements.
　　[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
　　23. The word &indictment& (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
　　[A] accuion.
　　[B] enthusiasm.
　　[C] indifference.
　　[D] tolerance.
　　24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
　　[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
　　[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
　　[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
　　[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
　　25. What is the subject of the text?
　　[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
　　[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
　　[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
　　[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
　　答案： BDCCD
　　Text 2
　　An old saw has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted&the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim &behavioural& ads at those most likely to buy.
　　In the past couple of weeks three deals and a quarrel have illustrated the value to advertisers (and their suppliers of software) of such fine-grained information. Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
　　In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission proposed adding a &do not track& (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
　　On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, a new incarnation of the software firm's operating system, would have DNT as a default.
　　Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, one of the groups in the DAA, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. &They'll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.&
　　It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies (including Twitter) have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
　　Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to rile Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8&though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: &We believe consumers should have more control.& Could it really be that simple?
　　26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that &behavioural& ads help advertisers to:
　　[A] ease competition among themselves
　　[B] lower their operational costs
　　[C] avoid complaints from consumers
　　[D]provide better online services
　　27. &The industry& (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
　　[A] online advertisers
　　[B] e-commerce conductors
　　[C] digital information analysis
　　[D]internet browser developers
　　28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
　　[A] many cut the number of junk ads
　　[B] fails to affect the ad industry
　　[C] will not benefit consumers
　　[D]goes against human nature
　　29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?
　　[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
　　[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
　　[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
　　[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
　　30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
　　[A] indulgence
　　[B] understanding
　　[C] appreciation
　　[D] skepticism
　　答案： BDCAD
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考研英语真题最新文章　　英语冠词练习题及解析如下：
　　1.Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class.
　　A. 不填 B. 不填
　　C. the D. 不填; the
　　2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence.
　　A. a B. the
　　C. 不填 D. 不填
　　3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.
　　A. 不填;a B. 不填;the
　　C. the D. the
　　4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ .
　　A. a price B. price
　　C. the price D. prices
　　5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.
　　A. T 不填 B. T a
　　C. An; the D. An; 不填
　　6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is &&& ________ 17th century cottage.
　　A. the , / B. an, the
　　C. /, the D. an, a
　　7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don&t go to ________ I can find you ________ bed in my flat.
　　A. a B. 不填
　　C. the D. 不填
　　8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life.
　　A. a, the B. the, a
　　C. /, the D. a, /
　　9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen.
　　A. a, the B. a, a
　　C. the, a D. 不填, 不填
　　10. The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution.
　　A. 不填;不填 B.不填
　　C. the D. the
　　11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man&s understanding of colour.
　　A. a&不填 B. a&the
　　C. 不填&the D. the&a
　　12. &I&d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.
　　&Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
　　A. some, a B. an, some
　　C. some, some D. an, a
　　13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.
　　A. / B. an
　　C. the D. /;the
　　14. &Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.
　　&Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere().
　　A. the B. the
　　C. a D. a
　　15. Paper money was in ________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century.
　　A. 不填 B. the
　　C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
　　16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.
　　A. a B. 不填; a
　　C. the D. 不填; the
　　17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
　　A. 不填, the B. 不填, an
　　C. an, an D. the, the
　　18. The sign reads &In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button. &
　　A. / ; a B. / ; the
　　C. the D. a
　　19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.
　　A. the B. 不填
　　C. 不填;不填 D. 不填;the
　　【答案解析】
　　1. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词;books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词。又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。
　　2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词，without saying a word意为&没说一句话&;虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名词，但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默，所以用the。
　　3. A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时，不用冠词。leave college意为&大学毕业&。又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词，所以选A。
　　4. C. price前加定冠词表特指。句意为&如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士&。
　　5. B. 因为division后有介词短语between&and&的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the。又因为concern作&所关切的事&解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词。
　　6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词。句意是&威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅&。
　　7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词。句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。
　　8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作&了解、理解&解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和C。又因为life作&生活、人生&解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词。have a better understanding of life指&对生活有更深刻的理解&。
　　9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但world有定语修饰时，表示&一个&的世界&时，要用不定冠词。题中两个world都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，所以两个都用不定冠词。句意是：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。
　　10. C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰，是特指，用又因为&工业革命&是由普通名词构成的专有名词，所以前面也要用the。
　　11. A. 因为discovery作&被发现的事物&讲是可数名词，前面用不定冠词，又如，make an important discovery scientific discovery (作出重大的科学发现)。man作&人、人类&解，是既没有复数形式，也不能在前面加冠词的，understanding前又受名词所有格man&s修饰，也不能用冠词，所以第二空不用冠词。
　　12. A。information 是不可数名词，前面不用冠词，因此排除 B 和 D;have a word with是固定短语，意为&和某人谈一下&。句意为&我想请你帮我看一下旅馆的管理材料&。&好的，你可以和饭店经理谈，他会帮你的&。
　　13. A。此题考查不定冠词和不用冠词的情况。抽象名词knowledge前加不定冠词a使其具体化，a knowledge of English意为&懂英语&;而international trade是泛指，意为&国际贸易&，前面不用冠词。句意为&很多人认为懂英语是当今国际贸易所必需的&。
　　14. D。此题在特定语境中考查不定冠词的用法。第一句句意为&你看见一支钢笔吗?&是泛指，用不定冠词。第二空&是黑色的吗?&不是二次提及上文的钢笔，也是泛指，故也用不定冠词。
　　15. C。(be) in use是固定词组,意为&在使用中&;第二空是序数词前要加定冠词，the thirteenth century 指第13世纪。句意为&十三世纪马可波罗访问中国时，中国已用纸币&。
　　16. B。animals 是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词;kind是单数可数名词，of&kind&&种类的&。根据句意&多数动物与另一类的动物没有关系，除非它们以其为食&。可指应用a表示泛指。
　　17. C。句意为&从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次非常激动人心的经历&。airplane表泛指，以元音开头用experience当&经历&讲时是可数名词，因此表示&一次经历&要加不定冠词。
　　18. B。fire泛指&火灾,失火&，不用冠词;red button 是特指，第二空用 the。句意为&那块牌子上写着：&万一失火，打碎这块玻璃，按那个红色按钮&。
　　19. B。第一空用the表示特指&今日的新闻&;第二空reports是复数名词表泛指，不加冠词。句意为&在今天的新闻中有关于那个地区的大雪的报道&。
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