Teenagers: How to Stay Healthy
&&&&&&&&&Teenagers: How to Stay Healthy
Teenagers: How to Stay Healthy
Will the habits I have now really make a difference when I'm older?
Yes, 65% of all deaths in adults are caused by heart disease, cancer and stroke. In many cases, these diseases were preventable. Many of the behaviors that cause these diseases begin at a young age. For example, if you use tobacco as a teenager, you're more likely to get heart disease, cancer or stroke when you're an adult.
What can I do now to keep myself healthy?
Avoid using any type of tobacco product. Try not to breathe second hand cigarette smoke.
Get regular exercise.
Eat a healthy diet.
Always use your seat belt.
Don't drink and drive. Don't get into a car with a driver who has been drinking alcohol or using drugs.
Wear protective headgear, such as motorcycle or bike helmets, when participating in sports.
Never swim alone.
Talk to your parents or your doctor if you're feeling really sad or if you're thinking about harming yourself.
Avoid situations where violence or fighting may cause you to be physically injured.
If you have sex, use condoms to avoid pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. (Remember, however, the &safest& sex is no sex.)
See your doctor regularly.
What might my doctor do?
The doctor might do any of the following to help you stay healthy:
Determine your risk for certain health problems.
Measure your height, weight, cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Order tests to check your general health or to find certain diseases.
Provide immunizations (&shots& or &vaccines&) to reduce your risk of getting diseases such as mumps, tetanus and hepatitis.
A note about vaccines
Sometimes the amount of a certain vaccine cannot keep up with the number of people who need it.
At my age, what should I especially be concerned about?
Car accidents, unintentional physical injury, homicide and suicide are the top killers of teenagers and young adults. Cancer and heart disease can also affect you at this age. Unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV and AIDS) can cause you social and personal problems, in addition to harming your health.
Do young men have different health risks than young women?
Yes. Young men don't wear seat belts as often as young women do. They're also more likely to carry weapons, to get into physical fights, to use smokeless tobacco or marijuana, to drink alcohol heavily, and to have more sexual partners. On the other hand, young women have some special risks. They try to commit suicide more often and they try to lose weight in harmful ways more often than young men.
Should I talk to my doctor if I'm worried about my health or my body?
Yes. It's important to talk to your doctor if you have any concerns about your health or your body. Your doctor is there to help you.
NJ Montalto
(American Family Physician May 01, 1998, )
Written by familydoctor.org editorial staff
Reviewed/Updated: 09/10
Created: 05/98
Financial support provided by:
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Lesson 25: What's Wrong with Danny?
1. If you don't feel well, what should you do? 如果你感到不好受，你该怎么办？
should意为"应该"，后面跟动词原形。它用于多种句式，通常指将来。
You should do what your teachers tell you. 你应该找你老师们的话做。
Should I open the door? 我可以开门吗？
You shouldn't sit in the sun. 你不应该坐在阳光下。
2. What was the worst illness you've ever had? 你曾经得过最厉害的病是什么？
worst 是bad/ill/badly的最高级，在此处是bad的最高级
ever adv.
a.用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句。"曾经；在任何时候"=at any time
I hardly ever see him nowadays. 我近来很少见到他。
b.用于加强原级、比较级、最高级，"比以往任何时候"
the biggest crop ever空前大丰收
c.同，用于肯定句，"常常，总是"
work as hard as ever工作一贯积极
d.用于特殊以文句，加强语气。"究竟，到底"
Where ever have you gone? 你到底去哪了？
3.At 3:00 AM, Danny wakes up his parents. 凌晨3点，但你叫醒了他的父母。
wake up醒来，把吵醒，叫醒
I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep. 我按了门铃想唤醒我的妻子，但是他睡得很香。
Please wake me up at 8 o'clock. 请在八点钟叫醒我。
【提示】：
wake up是一个由动词和副词构成的词组。当其宾语是名词时，名次可以放在wake up中间，也可以在wake up的后面；但当宾语是代词时，代词必须放在wake up中间。
Please wake him up! 请把他叫醒！
Wake up the boy. (= Wake that boy up.) 叫醒那个男孩。
4.What's wrong, Danny? 你怎么了，丹尼？
医生出诊常用语：
What can I do for you? 哪儿不舒服？
Where does it hurt? 哪儿痛？
What's the trouble? 怎么了？
What's the matter /trouble with you? 你哪儿不舒服？
5. My stomach hurts. 我肚子痛。
stomach n.胃，肚子，腹vt. 忍受，容忍
A cattle has four stomachs. 牛有四个胃。
How can you stomach their words? 你怎么能够忍受他们的话？
提示：
stomach的复数形式是stomachs.
hurt v. 使受伤；使伤痛
Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided. 一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受伤了。
【拓展】：
使疼痛
My shoulders hurt. 我的两肩有点痛。
使人伤心；使人痛苦
You'll hurt her feeling if you forget her birthday. 如果你忘了他的生日，那会伤了她感情的。
伤害，创伤，损害，损伤，危害
I won't hurt to postpone the matter for a few days. 把此事搁置几天并无妨碍。
6. You are sick, aren't you? 你病了，不是吗？
本句是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句通常有一个陈述句和一个简短的疑问句组成。当陈述句为肯定句时，疑问句胃否定；当陈述句为否定句时，疑问句为肯定。但是下面几点需要注意：
陈述部分带有hardly, never, few, little, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定形式。如：
Few people know him, do they? 很少有人知道他，不是吗？
如果陈述部分的否定词时代否定前缀或后缀的派生词，应看作肯定句，疑问部分为否定形式。如：
He was unsuccessful, wasn't he? 他没有成功，不是吗？
当陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，疑问部分可用will/won't you或can/can't you。如：Come down quickly, will you/won't you (can/can't you)? 当陈述部分为否定祈使句时，疑问部分用肯定式。当祈使句以Let's开头，意为"咱们"，疑问部分为shall we。如：Let's go for a walk, shall we? 当祈使句以Let us开头，意义上不包括对方在内，用will you。如：Let us know if you can come, will you? 当陈述部分是并列句，疑问部分通常与最近的分句保持一致。如：He is a teacher, but his wife is an engineer, isn't she?
7. When they arrive at the hospital, Danny's father talks with a nurse. 当他们到达医院的时候，但你的父亲同护士谈了话。
arrive at到达，经过努力达到
He arrived at my hometown yesterday. 他昨天到了我的家乡。
They arrived at a decision after much thought at last. 最后他们经过反复考虑后做出了决定。
【提示】：
arrive in后一般接表示大地方的名词；arrive at后一般接表示小地方的名词。
辨析：reach, get to与arrive at/in的区别
三者都有"到达"之意。所不同的事，reach是及物动词，后面可直接接表示地点的名词。get加上to，即get to才是"到达"的意思。arrive为不及物动词，要加上介词at/in才能接表示地点的名词。
--When did you reach /get to/arrive in Hangzhou? 你是什么时候到杭州的？
--I reached /got to /arrived in Hangzhou yesterday evening. 我是昨天晚上到的杭州。
When she reached /got to/arrived at the shop, she found the shop was closed. 当他到达商店时，他发现门关了。
8.Look it up in a dictionary. 在字典里查一下。
look up查阅，在书中查到
When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this book. 当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本书。
Can you look up a dictionary? 你会查词典吗？
【注意】：
look up是由动词look和副词up构成的词组。如果他的宾语是一个名词，名词可以放在look up之间，也可以放在look up的后面；但如果他的宾语是一个代词，代词必须放在look up之间。
【拓展】：
look up的其他用法
好转
Things are looking up! 情况正在好转！
寻访到，探访（某人）
On my way home, I looked up an old friend of mine. 在回家的路上，我去看望了一下我的老朋友。
8.Danny needs to stay in the hospital tonight. 今晚但你需要呆在医院里。
need用法"大舞台"
表示"需要"，做实义动词用时，有人称和数的变化，后接名词、代词、带to的不定式、动名词等。
He needs some help. 它需要一些帮助。
He needs to look after the old man. 它需要照顾这位老人。
The bike needs mending/to be mended. 这辆自行车需要修理一下。
【拓展】：
注意需要发出某一动作用不定式的主动语态；主语需要接受某一动作用动名词或不定式的被动语态。即：人+ need +物+ need +物+ need +to be done
The garden doesn't need watering-it rained last night. 花园不用浇水了-昨天刚刚下过雨。
表示"需要"，做情态动词用，没有人称和数的变化，后接省略to的不定时，多用于疑问句和否定句中，疑问句答语表肯定用must；表否定用needn't, don't have to。
--Need I come tomorrow? 明天我需要来吗？
--Yes, you must. / have to. 是的，你必须来。
--No, you needn't. /don't have to. 不，你没有必须来。
He needn't worry about his son. 他不必为他的儿子担心。
表示"需要"，用作名词时，可作可数名词或不可数名词。
We should try our best to meet the workers' needs. 我们应该尽力满足工人们的需要。
I'm in need of your help. 我需要你的帮助。
There's a great need for teachers here. 这儿非常需要教师。
【提示】：
need用作动词时，在肯定句中只能做行为动词用，后面可以跟名词、代词，动词不定式等作宾语。在否定、疑问和条件句中既可用作行为动词，也可用作情态动词。
Lesson 26: Where Is Danny?
1. I don't know, either. 我也不知道。
either adv. 也，一般指用于否定句，且至于句末。
I don't know him. Tom doesn't know him, either. 我不认识他，汤姆也不认识他。
【辨析】: either, also也too
also是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。他通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词滞后；如有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。如：
Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。
I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。
Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。
too是普通用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。
I'm in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。
【注意】：
also和too一般都用于肯定句，很少用于否定句。
either表示"也"时，一般只用于否定句，用于句末。
If you don't go there, he won't go there, either. 如果你不去那儿，他也不会去那儿。
【注意】：
either本身没有否定意义。所以多与not连用。
2. I've got a cough. 我咳嗽了。
have got a cough咳嗽
have got a cough=have a cough=catch a cough咳嗽
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子可得很厉害，所以他妈妈带她去看医生。
What a terrible cough! 多么严重的咳嗽！
The child was coughing all night. 这孩子咳嗽了一整夜。
【拓展】：
一般来讲，不可数名词前不能使用不定冠词a(an)，但当表示"一场；一阵"等意义时，不可数名词则变成了可数名词，单数形式前要加不定冠词a(an)。如：
a heavy rain一场大雨
have a good time玩得高兴
3. I can't breathe through my nose. 我不能通过我的鼻子呼吸。
breathe v. 呼吸，小憩，歇歇气，低语
The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out. 医生叫他先深深吸一口气，然后再把气吐出来。
Give me a moment to breathe. 给我一会儿工夫喘喘气。
Don't breathe a word of this. 一个字儿也别说。
【提示】：
breathe的名词形式是breath breathe和breath属同一个词源，语义相近，但读音不同。
Take a deep breath, and then you may feel relaxed. 深深地吸一口气，你养你会感觉轻松的。
4. It always makes me feel better. 她总是让我感到好一些。
make me feel...使我感到......
make+名词（代词）+不带to的动词不定式短语意为"使......"。
She made all of us laugh. 它使得我们都笑了。
【提示】：
不定式短语在主动结构中作宾语补足语时，不带to；但在被动结构中做主语补足语时，不定式短语则必须带to。如：
We were made to laugh by her. 我们被他惹笑了。
【衔接】：
由make构成的其他句型：
make+名词或代词+形容词
make +it+形容词+不定式短语（从句）。不定式短语或从句作宾语时，需移置宾语补足语之后，在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语，从而使句子保持平衡。如：
It makes it easier for people to use computers. 它使人们更易于使用计算机。
5. I will take that medicine three times a day. 我讲一天吃三次药。
take medicine吃药
take表示"吃、喝"之意，与eat, drink, have意思相近，但表示"吃药"时通常只用take。
Will you take a glass of milk? 你要喝杯牛奶吗？
You must take medicine after meals. 你一定要在饭后吃药。
【拓展】：
take用法"作秀"台
take表示"乘、坐"某一交通工具。
He takes a bus to go to school every day. 他每天乘公共汽车上学。
take表示"拿，取"之一，后面常可带宾语，他情调将某人或某无从说话地点带到其他地方去。
My parents often take me to the park on Sundays. 我父母亲常在星期天带我去公园。
take表示"花费"之一，其常用句型为：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事，注意后面动词前的to不可丢掉。如：
It takes him an hour to do his homework in the evening. 晚上他要花一小时做作业。
take表示"（顾客在商店内）选取，买下"，相当于buy, get或have，如：
That's cheap. I'll take it. 那很便宜，我买下了。
three times a week 一日三次
twice a day一天两次
once every five minutes每隔5分钟一次
6.Let one group be "doctors" and the other group be "patients". 让一组是医生，另一组是护士。one...the other...一个......另一个
the other指已知的两个人或事物中的另一个，the others是它的复数形式，表示一个范围内除了这两部分外的其余全部。如：
Here are two books. One is mine, the other is yours. 这儿有两本书，一本是我的，另一本是你的。
Three of them are yours, the others are Jim's. 他们当中三个是你的，其余的是吉姆的。
【衔接】：
other用法小结
other是形容词，必须跟名词一起连用，others是代词，泛指其他的人或物。如：
Do you want any other books? 你想要其他书吗？
I don't like these. Please show me others. 我不喜欢这些，请给我看看其他的。
Some...the others则表示一个特定范围的两部分。意思是"一些......，另一些......"；如果指非特定的范围，则用some ...others。如：
Here are thirty students. Some are cleaning the floor, the others are playing outside. 这儿有三十名学生，一些在扫地，其余的在外面玩。
Some people are fond of smoking, others don't. 一些人喜欢吸烟，其余的则不喜欢。
Lesson 27: Good Food, Good Health
1. Eating foods from grain gives you vitamins, minerals and fibre. 持谷物类食品可以提供给维生素、矿物质和纤维素。
eating是动名词。动名词是英语中动词的非谓语形式的一种，起名词的作用。在动名词的短语中，动名词还保留动词的属性，如可以带自己的宾语、状语等。动名词做主语的几种类型：
直接位于句首做主语。
Swimming is a good sport in summer. 在夏天，游泳是一项好的体育运动。
用it作形式主语，把动名词（真正的主语）至于句末作后置主语。
It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他不用担心是没有用的。
用于 "There be"结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come. 很难说她何时回来。
用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
No parking. 不准停车。
2. French fries are made from potatoes. 炸薯片是土豆做的。
be made form用......制造
【辨析】：be made of与be made from
两者都表示"用......制造"，但be made of表示原材料往往经过无力变化，仍可看得出材料的原样；而be made from则表示原材料经过化学变化，以看不出其原样了。如：
This chair is made of wood. 这把椅子是木质的。
This kind of glass is made f glass. 这种杯子是玻璃制的。
The house is made of stone. 这座房子是石头建造的。
Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头造的。
The drink is made of apples. 这种饮料是用苹果作原料制成的。
Bread is made from wheat. 面包是用小麦作原料制成的。
【拓展】：
made与不同的介词搭配，构成具有不同含义的短语，如：be made in"在......地方制造"，后接表示地点的名词；be made by"由（被）......（人）制作"，后接表示人的名词或代词；be made into"（某物）被制作成......"；be made with"（某五）是由（某种工具）制造而成的"。如：
The mobile is made in America. 这种手机是美国制造的。
The TV set is made in China. 这种电视机是中国制造的。
Is this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕时你妈妈做的吗？
Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成各种各样的物品。
Bikes are made with machines by workers. 自行车是工人们用机器生产出来的。
3. They are all protein foods. 他们都是蛋白质食品。
【辨析】：all, both与whole
both指两个人或物，而all指三个以上的人或物，在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或定语。
Both of us want to go. 我们两个人都想去。
All of us should work hard. 我们都应努力工作。
all 与whole在表示 "整体的""全部的"意思时，用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前；而whole则要至于这些限定词之后。如：
all my life， all the world ，my whole life， the whole world，
Protein helps your body grow and stay strong. 蛋白质帮助你的身体健康茁壮成长。
stay在句中是系动词，相当于remain, keep
The shop stays open until midnight. 这家商店到半夜才关门。
【拓展】：
stay vi. & n.停留；呆在
The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days. 医生叫我在家呆几天。
He often stayed up reading until midnight. 他常常读书至深夜。
n. 逗留；停留
During his stay in Rome, he visited a lot of places of interest. 在罗马逗留期间，他参观了许多名胜。
4. Milk, cheese, butter and yogurt contain calcium. 牛奶，奶酪，黄油和酸奶包含钙。
contain v. 包含，容纳
Beer contains alcohol. 啤酒里含有酒精。
The speech contained some interesting ideas. 这个沿江包含一些有趣的思想。
以......为组成部分，包括或由......构成
The album contains many memorable songs. 这张唱片中包括许多值得收集的歌曲。
抑制，限制
I could hardly contain my curiosity. 我简直无法克制我的好奇心。
遏制
Science sought an effective method of containing the disease. 用科学方法探索出遏制这种疾病的有效手段。
Lesson 28: Move Your Whole Body
1. Move your feet! 活动活动你的脚！
1）move使移动
Who has broken my book? 谁动了我的书？
Moved it away from the window. 把他从窗户边移开。
改变
The government's opinion on this matter haven't moved. 政府对这件事的看法没有改变。
迅速移动
That car was really moving. 那汽车跑得可真快。
搬家
We're going to move next week. 我们打算下周搬家。
进展
Work on the new building is moving quickly. 新大楼的工程进展得很快。
拓展：
move in迁入 move on继续走，离开 move out迁出
move over挪动一下，腾出空位
2)feet n.脚，（的复数），英尺
How many feet does a cat have? 猫有几只脚？
Three feet make a yard. 三英尺合一码。
身体，肉体
The naughty kid was in the classroom in body but not in spirit. 那淘气的小家伙身在教室，心在别处。
2. Move your body.让整个身体活动起来。
body n. 躯体，躯干
There is a wound on his leg and another on his body. 有一处伤在他腿上，另一处在躯干上。
尸体
Where did you bury his body? 你把他的尸体埋在哪里了？
对，群，团体
The House Commons is an elected body. 下议院是经选举而组成的团体。
人
Mrs. Jones was a dear old body. 琼斯夫人是一位可爱的老人。
物体
The sun, moon, stars are heavenly bodies. 太阳、月亮和星星都是天体。
3. The more you move your feet, the more healthy you will be. 你活动脚的次数越多，你就会越健康。
the more...the more the+比较级，the+比较记这一句型，表示"越......越......"。如：
The harder you study, the greater progress you will make. 你越努力学习，你的进步就越大。
The busier the farmers are, the happier they are. 农民们越是忙，就越高兴。
The more we get together, the happier we will be. 我们举得越多，就越快乐。
The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
4. Report your idea to the rest of the class. 想起他同学汇报一下你的想法。
idea n. 想法，计划，打算
She'll have her own ideas about that. 对那件事他有自己的想法。
思想，概念
You should have your own ideas. 你应该有自己的思想。
主意，意见
Please tell me your idea on this thing. 请你告诉我你对这件事的意见。
提议，念头
I've had an idea. We could play football. 我有个主意，我们可以踢足球。
了解，明白
--What time is it? 几点了？
--I have no idea. 我不知道。
5. Try using phrases like these:尝试使用以下句子：
try vt. 尝试，试用
"+v- +wh-从句；+ to do"
Have you tried this medicine? 你试过这种药吗？
try one's best to do尽力去做某事
I will try my best to work hard. 我将尽我的最大努力去工作。
Lesson 29: Don't Smoke, Please!
1. He's been away for three days now. 他离开学校三天了。
be away from +地点，从哪里离开，表示状态可以和时间段连用。
leave+地点，离开某地，结束性动词，不可以和时间段连用。
He left Beijng last Monday. 他上一周离开了北京。
He has been away from Beijing for a week. 他离开北京一周了。
leave for+地点，离开去某处
They left for Shanghai yesterday. 他们昨天离开去上海了。
2. He must be ill. 他一定是病了。
must 表示推测"一定"，常用于肯定。
The light is on. He must be at home. 灯亮着，他一定在家。
3. School is more fun when Danny is here. 丹尼在的时候，学校生活更有趣。
fun是不可数名词，"快乐，娱乐，乐趣"，例：
We had lots of fun at the seaside. 我们在海边玩得很高兴。
Have fun! =Enjoy oneself! 尽情玩吧！
make fun of sb./sth. "嘲笑某人或某事，开某人的玩笑"
It is impolite to make fun of the disabled. 笑话残疾人是没有礼貌的。
4. I'm going to phone him after school. 放学后我将给他打电话。
phone vt. & vi. & n. 打电话；给......打电话
I phoned my parents. 我给父母打电话。
n. 电话；电话机
My father gave me a nice toy phone. 我爸爸给我一个漂亮的玩具电话。
提示：
与"电话"有关的单词
call vt. 打电话给......
Please call me at nine. 请九点钟打电话给我。
ring vt. 打电话
She rang me at noon. 中午他打电话给我了。
5. On Wednesday, I rested and drank plenty of water. 在星期三，我休息了一周，并喝了许多水。 1）rest v. 歇息，休息，使休息，歇歇脚，把靠在......，终止，停止
I rested for an hour before I went out. 在出去前我休息了一个小时。
You have to rest your feet now. 你现在必须歇歇脚了。
Let the argument rest there. 让争论就此为止吧。
n. 休息
The workers need a rest from work. 工人们需要停止工作休息一下。
2）plenty of很多的，足够的，既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词。
The room contained plenty of students. 屋子里容纳很多学生。（复数名词）
There is plenty of furniture in the shop. 在商店里有很多家具。（不可数名词）
【拓展】：
同义词组a lot of, lots of
提示：
plenty of, a lot of, lots of等词组做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语是可数或不可数名词决定单复数形式。如：
There are a lot of people in that room. 那个房间里有很多人。
There's lots of rice in the bag. 那只口袋里有许多大米。
6．I feel well today. 今天我感觉好多了。
well adj.& adv. 好
【辨析】：well, fine, good与nice
well做形容词时表示人的身体健康，作副词时表示事情做得好。
It's not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。
good是形容词，表示人品好，事物好。
He is a good teacher. 它是一位好老师。
fine是形容词，常用来表示身体好，天气晴朗。
--How are you? 你怎么样？
--I'm fine. 我很好。
It's a fine day today. 今天是个好天气。
nice形容词，常指取悦于感官的事物，含有感情色彩的好。
How nice your hat is! 你的帽子真漂亮！
Mary is a good girl. 玛丽是个好女孩。
7. A lot of people would live longer if they didn't smoke.这是一个虚拟语气的句子，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设，与现在事实相反。
If I were you, I would help you. 如果我是你，我会帮助他。
If I won a million yuan, I'd give it to the charity. 如果我赢得一百万元钱，我就把钱送给慈善机构。
太多
8. If I breathe too much cigarette smoke, I get a headache. 如果吸入太多的雪茄烟，我会头痛。too much房间里的烟很多。
There is too much smoke in the room. 昨晚我喝啤酒太多了。
【辨析】：too, much too与too much
too用在形容词或副词前，如：
He is too careless in doing anything. 他做任何十多太粗心了。
much too太，much too的中心词是too, much修饰too，用以加强语气。
You are much too kind to me. 你对我实在太好了。
The shirt is much too expensive. 这件衬衫实在太贵了。
Too much的中心词是much，too修饰much以加强语气。Too much修饰不可数名词，意为more than enough与too many相对，后者修饰可数名词。
9.It's a good start. 这是一个好的开端。
start n.& v. 开始，发生，开端
We made an early start in the morning. 我们早上很早就出发了。
start v. 开始，开动，创办，开设，出发，动身
His work starts at half past eight, and finished at a quarter to five. 他的工作八点半开始，四点四十五结束。
The man can't start the car. 这个人发动不起来这辆车。
He started a new shop last year. 去年他新开了一家商店。
We must start early. 我们得早点出发。
【辨析】：start与begin
两者都可以作"开始"解。begin指"开始"某一行动或进程，与end相对；start而动作性较强，着重于"开始"或"着手"这一点，带有突然开始的意思，其反义词为stop。
He'll start working. 他将开始工作。
New term begins on September first. 新学期在九月一日开始。
What time does he begin school? 他什么时候上学?
【注意】:
这两个动词都可作及物动词或不及物动词,做及物动词时都可跟名词动词活动次不定式.在许多场合他们实际上没有什么差别。
Shall we start/begin supper? 我们可以吃晚饭了吗？
10. Let's help people stay healthy! 让我们帮助人们保持身体健康吧！
这是一个义动词开头的祈使句。Let's是let us的缩写形式，表示建议。us意为"我们"，放在动词后作宾语。
Let's go to school. 咱们上学去吧。
Let's play basketball. 咱们打篮球去吧。
【衔接】：
let后跟一个名词或宾格代词，再接一个动词原形，表示"让某人做某事"，既let sb. do sth. 。
Let them go home. 让他们回家吧。
Let me have a look. 让我看一看。
【辨析】：let's 与let us
let's表示"让我们"，是let us的缩写形式，他表示说话人建议听话人和自己一起去做某事；let us表示说话人建议听话人允许我们做某件事。
Mr. Wang let us read the book. 王老师让我们读书。
Let's go home now. 让我们现在就回家吧。
11. Smoking is also gad for your heart. 抽烟对你的心脏有害。
be bad for sth. /sb. "有害于某人或某物"
也可以用be harmful to sth. /sb. 或do harm to sb.。例：
Smoking is bad for your health. =Smoking is harmful to your health. =Smoking does harm to your health.
Lesson 30: Jane's Lucky Life
1. If you have a problem, what do you do first?
如果你遇到难题，你首先做什么？
problem "难题"
【辨析】:problem与question
这两个词都有"问题"的意思，都是可数名词。他们的区别是：
problem意思是"问题、习题"，着重只客观存在的期待解决的"问题"，尤其之机收或难以解决的"问题"。如：
But he has a problem. 但他有一个难题。
【注意】：
数学、物理等学科的计算题，一般用problem,，而不用question。如：
It took me two hours to work out the math problems. 我用了两个小时解决这道数学题。
question意思是"问题"，可作名词或动词，作名词时，指主观产生对某事的怀疑，提出等待回答的具体问题，着重在疑惑和不能断定的问题。如：
He is answering the teacher's questions. 他正在回答老师提出的问题。
May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗？
question有时也可指要讨论的问题。
question作动词时，与ask同义，但比ask正式。
2. What do you think about Jane's attitude toward life? 你怎么看待简对待生活的态度？
toward prep. (=towards)朝着......的方向
He is driving towards home. 他朝着家的方向行驶。
Don't run towards the hill! 不要向山那边跑！
The little boy had his back towards me. 小男孩把他的背对着我。
将近
It began to rain toward morning. 快到早晨的时候天开始下雨了。
关于......，和......有关
Tom has an optimistic attitude toward the future. 汤姆对未来有一个乐观的态度。
3. When Jane was ten years old, she became ill with a kind of disease. 当简十岁的时候，她得了一种病。
with用法小结
因为，由于
He is excited with his success. 他因为成功而格外兴奋。
They smiled with pleasure. 他们高兴地微笑着。
和......一起
They stay lived with their parents. 他们一直和父母住在一起。
带有......的心情、态度等
He agreed that he was wrong with a good grace. 他和大方的承认自己错了。
You must do the work with more care. 你工作要在细心些。
有
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. 我坐在一把有网眼的新式椅子上等候着。
People with creativity are seldom found nowadays. 现在很少能找到有创造性的人。
用
He opened the door with his key. 他用钥匙开了门。
Simon filled with water. 西蒙把桶里装满了水。
（表示对抗）跟，和
Don't fight with children. 不要与别人打架。
有关，对于
Be patient with children. 对孩子要耐心。
4. This disease damaged Jane's Jane's body. 这种病严重摧残了她的身体。
damage v.& n.损害，损坏，是受损失
The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
That disease damaged his sight and hearing. 那场病所害了他的听力与视力。
n. 损失，损害，损坏
The storm did a lot of damaged to the drops. 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
5. She can't put on her shoes. 他穿不上鞋。
put on【辨析】：put on, wear, dress与have on
put on强调穿的动作，可接衣服，手套，鞋帽作宾语。
He puts on his coat quickly and ran out. 他快速穿上外套跑出去了。
wear表示穿的状态。除了接衣服作宾语外，还可以接手套、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜等饰物。
She wears a pair of thick glasses. 他带了一副厚眼镜。
dress表示传世常用于两种形式：dress in
She is dressed in red today. 他今天穿的是红色衣服。
She is dressed in a red coat. 他今天穿着一件红外套。
dress sb. 或dress oneself
I have to dress my son every morning because he is not able to dress himself. 因为我儿子不会自己穿衣服，所以每天早晨我不得不为她穿。
have sth. on强调状态，没有进行时态。
He has a red coat on today. 他今天穿着一件红外套。
6. But she is able to do many things. 但是她能做许多事。
is able to能，会
在英语中，can与be able to表示能力是同义的。如：
He can speak two foreign languages. =He is able to speak two foreign languages. 他会说两种语言。
他们用法上的不同主要体现在以下几方面：
can只有两种时态，即can和could，而be able to有多种时态，如was/were able to, will/shall be able to等。
I'll be able to drive the car in a week. 一周后我将会驾车了。
Through his diligent work, he has been able to read the write. 经过他艰苦的工作，他终于能够读书和写了。
表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。如：
I was able to swim to the bank after hard practice. 经过艰苦的练习后，我终于游到河对岸了。
can能表猜测，be able to不能。can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定句中。
Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be? 有人敲门，会是谁？
It can't be our teacher who is knocking at the door. 敲门的不可能是我们的老师。
can 表"允许"，与may可以互换，此时不能用be able to代替。如：
--Can /May I sit here? 我能/可以坐在这儿吗？
--Yes, please. 可以。
can事情态动词，只能用作谓语成分，be able to是普通动词短语，既可以作谓语，也可以作非谓语。如：
Being able to speak English fluently, he has no difficulty in communicating with the Americans at the party. 由于它能够流利地说英语，在晚会上他同美国人交流没有困难。
7. Jane is married and has tow children. 简结婚了有两个孩子。
be married 结婚，强调状态，可以和时间段连用。
get married 强调动作，不可以和时间段连用。
Marry sb.和某人结婚 例：
The girl married her boss last year. 这个女孩去年和她的老板结婚了。
She got married last year. 她去年结婚了。
She has been married for a year. 她结婚一年了。
8.She enjoys encouraging her daughter. 她喜欢鼓励她的女儿。
enjoy vt. 欣赏，喜爱，享......之乐
Tom is enjoying music. 汤姆正在欣赏音乐。
The children all enjoy playing games. 孩子们都喜欢玩游戏。
The old man enjoyed his dinner at the restaurant. 那位老人在餐馆里吃得很愉快。
享受，享有（利益、权力、声誉等）
That old man enjoys good health. 那位老人的健康状况很好。
【提示】：
由enjoy构成的词组
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
Most young people enjoy watching football match. 大部分年轻人喜欢看足球比赛。
They enjoy walking after supper. 他们喜欢晚饭后散布。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快(=have a good time)
The students enjoyed themselves yesterday. 学生们昨天晚得很愉快。
9.Jane speaks to people about the things she has learned as a "disabled" person. 简同人们讲述一些它作为残疾人所了解的知识。
as prep.& adv.以......的身份，作为，充当......角色
He often tells us some history stories as a counselor. 作为一名辅导员，他经常给我们讲一些历史故事。
He works as a driver. 他已开汽车为业。
pron. 正如，照
He's quite good, as boys go. 就男孩而言，他相当不错了。
（用于比较）与......一样
He can run as fast as I can. 他能跑得和我一样快。
He works in the same building as my sister. 他和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。
同时，当......时
He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。
同样，相同
He runs fast, but I run just as fast. 他跑得快，但我跑得同样快。
Lesson 31: Danny's Tells All
1. I have something to tell you about Danny. 我要告诉大家关于丹尼的一些事情。
to tell是动词不定时作定于修饰something。不定式作定语修饰。不定式作定语一般都作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。
We need someone to help with the work. 我们需要有人来帮助干这件工作。
I have many letters to write. 我有许多信要写。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个像雷锋学习的计划。
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。
There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。
2."Did he catch a cold?" asks another student. "他感冒了吗？"另一个学生问。
1） catch a cold感冒，fall ill/sick声明，这样的词组均是结束性动词，不可以和时间段连用，其延续性动词非别为：have a cold和be ill/sick. 例：
He caught a cold last Friday and has had a cold for five days. 她上周五感冒了，已经五天了。
She felt ill yesterday about missing school this week. 她昨天生病了，已经病了一天了。
2）another adj.& prep.
another指三个或三个以上中"任何一个""再一......""另一个"，做代词或形容词,与one连用指同一组的两个个体。one...another"一个是......另一个是"（总数为二以上）。
I do not want this book, please give me another. 我不喜欢这本书，请给我另一本。
I do not like this book, can you show me another? 我不喜欢这本书，请给我那一本好吗？
One person may like to spend his holiday at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains.一些人可能喜欢在海边度假，另一些人可能喜欢爬山。
3.Yesterday, Brian and I visited Danny in the hospital. 昨天我和布莱恩去医院看丹尼了。
in the hospital在医院
【辨析】：in hospital与in the holiday
in hospital表示"生病住院"，而in the hospital则表示"在医院工作，或看望病人"等。
He is still in hospital.他仍在医院。
I am going to the hospital to see my brother. 我要去医院看我哥哥。
【衔接】：
有the无the意不同
at desk（在学习/工作）at the desk（在课桌旁）at table（在吃饭）at the table（在桌旁）in hospital（住院）in the hospital（在医院里）
4.Danny felt terrible about missing school this week. 丹尼为这周没有上学感到难受。
Miss school "未上课"
Miss 有很多种用法和含义，例
I missed what he said just now. 我为听见他的话。
He got up late and missed the train. 他起床晚了，错过了火车。
Because of the heavy rain, he missed the meeting. 由于大雨，他没有参加会议。
I found my English book missing. 我发现我的英语书丢了。（missing不可以换为lost）
I missed you very much when you were away. 你不在时我非常想你。
5.Everyone is very quiet as Brian reads the letter. 当布莱恩读信时，大家都很安静。
【辨析】：everyone与every one
everyone是不定代词，相当于everybody只能指人，"人人，大家"，强调个体，做主语时，位于动词要用单数形式。
Everyone is here today. 今天大家都在。
every one不仅指人，也可指物，"每个人，每件事"，后面可接of短语。
Every one of the students is here today. 今天每个学生都在。
Every one of the trees has many oranges. 每一棵树都结了很多橘子。
6. Here is what he says. 这是他所说的。
此句是倒装句，正常结构为:What he said is here.
7. The doctor took it out! 医生把他拿出来！
take out取出，弄出
take the splinters out, please. 请把木屑取出来。
That patient's lung was taken out by the doctors last week. 上周这个病人的肺被医生切除了。
（向机关申请）取得
You may take out a license from the police office. 你可以向公安机关申请一个执照。
发泄
Don't take your frustration out in such a manner. 不要用这样一种方式来发泄你的失意。
出发
the police took out after the thieves. 警方出动警力追捕小偷。
（俚语）杀死，谋杀
This soldier took out twenty enemies. 这名战士消灭了二十个敌人。
8. I stayed in bed and rested. 我躺在床上休息。
Stay in bed 呆在床上；in bed在床上，指人躺在床上
物在床上用on, 例
He is ill in bed. 她有病在床。
There is a book on the bed. 床上有本书。
9. I'm feeling much better. 我感觉好多了。
Much better 好多了。
Much修饰比较级，相当于a lot
另外还有even, far, a little等也常用来修饰比较级
10.My mother bought me some new books to read (but no homework). 我的妈妈给我买了一些新书读（但没有作业）。
no不
no在句中作形容词直接修饰名词，相当于not a活not any。
I have no bag. (no=not a)我没有书包。
They have no friends here. (no=not any)他们在这没有朋友。
【辨析】：no与not
no作副词时，指用于对一般疑问句的否定回答。同Yes相对，可以独立使用。
--Is that an English car? 那时英国汽车吗？
--No, it isn't. 不，它不是。
not只能作副词，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，构成否定。
I'm not a worker. 我不是一名工人。
This is my book. 这不是我的书。
11. What did you do to recover? 你做什么来恢复健康？
recover vt. & vi. 恢复，收回，取回，补偿
That old man recovered and went out of the hospital yesterday. 昨天那位老人痊愈出院了。
She soon recovered herself and stopped crying. 他很快就恢复了常态，不哭了。
I recovered the money I had lost. 我找回了丢失的钱。
She recovered her losses. 他挽回了他的损失。
12. Write your story down. 把你的故事写下来。
story n. 经历，故事，小说，谎话，传闻，情节，素材
He had a wonderful story. 他有一段精彩的传奇经历。
Please read us a story! 请给我们读个故事！
You are a honest boy. Don't tell me a story. 你是一个城市的孩子。不要向我说谎。
He was colourful and charismatic, he was a good story. 他多姿多彩，富有魅力，本身就是一个好的素材。
【注意】：
stories是story的复数形式；意为"楼层"。
This is a four-story building. 这是一座四层大楼。
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