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······【动名词的用法】动名词用法_牛宝宝文章网【动名词的用法】动名词用法专题：在英语教学过程中，不少学生会混淆动名词与现在分词。在遇到动词的-ing形式时，他们比较难区分到底什么时候动词的-ing形式是动名词，什么时候是现在分词。为了区分这两者，首先，我们要从概念上认识它们。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。1．动名词用作主语（例句中，斜体部分为主语。）Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面（例句中，斜体部分为主语。）。 It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。3．“There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时，其为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would be unable to see the crater walls.一个人如站在更广阔的火山口的中间，就会看不到火山口壁。（表条件）Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。（表让步）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（表结果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着。（表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing为名词时，动词的-ing为动名词。动词的-ing为形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。1．动名词用作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。2．现在分词用作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，也可以说，现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候车室sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场sleeping pill 安眠药 parking meter 停车计时writing desk 写字桌 sewing machine 缝纫机writing paper 信纸 operating table 手术室diving suit 潜水衣 reading room 阅览室diving board 跳板 threshing ground 打谷场washing machine 洗衣机 boxing competition 拳击比赛washing powder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演讲比赛drawing board 绘图板 checking account 活期账户drawing pin 图钉 banking system 银行系统fishing pole 钓鱼杆 fishing line 钓鱼线2．现在分词作定语dwindling profits 日益减少的利润a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑increasing demand 日益增长的需求the existing condition 现有条件diminishing returns 日益减少的效益the remaining days 剩下的岁月the prevailing fashion 盛行的时装a shining example 光辉的榜样lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星the leading newspapers 主要报纸developing countries 发展中国家the ruling class 统治阶级living things 有生命的东西the ageing population 日益老化的人口the rising generation 在成长的一代a resounding victory 辉煌的胜利六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外，有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of 等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。1．动名词用作补语I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing是宾语补语） This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning 是主语补语）2．现在分词用作补语We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。They described the young man as having initiative and drive.他们说这青年积极肯干。 He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。以上，我们从动词的-ing形式在句子成分中所起的作用：作主语、作宾语、作状语、作表语、作定语、作补语，区分动名词与现在分词。希望此分析对英语学习者有一定的帮助。（一）作定语1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：The sleeping boy is Tom.2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：This is an English-speaking country.（二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：The story is moving.（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.3. 作条件状语。V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.5. 作结果状语。例如：He died, leaving nothing but debts.6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：He sat by the roadside, begging.（五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 ：Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.（六） 现在分词的被动式当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如：The factory being built now is a big one.（七） 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.(1)后面可以跟动名词的常用动词有：admit,enjoy,miss,escape,pardon.avoid,excuse,prevent,postpone,con-sider,finish,delay,imagine,deny,keep,involve,resist,riskdislike,mind,forgive,can't stand,can't help等转载请保留本文连接：分享到：相关文章声明：《【动名词的用法】动名词用法》由“彼岸无言”分享发布，如因用户分享而无意侵犯到您的合法权益，请联系我们删除。TA的分享