定语从句介词 which引导词that和which的区别

That引导的定语从句与强调句的区别
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  在近期的雅思教学中,发现学生经常对that引导的定语从句和强调句区分不清,先归纳如下:  一、 that引导的定语从句   1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词   2. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略   〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导   By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.   I still remember the first time I met her.   Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.   3. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which   Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。   I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。   We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。   4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物     二、常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。   It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。   此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。   It is from the sun that we get light and heat.   It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.   典型例题   1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.   A. the time B. when C. that D. which   答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "who",其余用that。   原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.   强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.   强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.   强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)   强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.   2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.   A. that B. when C. since D. as   答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。   It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is has been was
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编辑:海量as&和&which&引导定语从句的区别
&先看两道高考题:
1. _____ is known to
all,China will be an
_____ powerful country in 20
or 30years'time.
A.That;advancing
B.This;advanced
C.As;advanced D.It;advancing
2.He made another
wonderful discovery, _____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is
B.which I think it
C.which I think it
D.I think
is分析:第一题考查了 as在从句中作主语的定语从句,意为“正如”,而ad- vanced
country表示发达国家;第二题考查了which引导的非限制性定语从句,I think是插入语。这两个句子分别含有as和 which引导的定语从句,现就其用法作一说明: 一、as引导的定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解释或评论。具有下列特点:
1.as用于引导定语从句时,具有“正如……、像……、由……而知”等语义。如:
He was strongly against the plan,as could be expected.(正如所料,他强烈反对这项计划。)
As he hoped he would,he
saw the girl.(像他希望的那样,他见到了那个女孩。)
2.as引导的定语从句在语义上要和主句保持一致,而which可不一定,如果语义不一致,则要用which来替代as。如:
He married again,as(which)was
natural.(他又结婚了,这是自然的。)
3.as引导的定语从句,其先行词可由以下词来修饰,the same /such /as等。也可以由
which来改写,但不可直接替换。如:
This is the same sum as was spent in that year on private
motoring.=This is
the sum which was spent in that year on private
motoring.(这与那年用于私人汽车所花的费用相同。)
4.as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之后,也可放在主句之前。但which只能放在主句之后。如:
As we have seen,oceans
cover more than 70%of
the earth.(如我们所见,海洋覆盖地球70%多的面积。)
He seemed a foreigner,which in fact he was.(他看上去像个外国人,事实上他就是。)
5.as在定语从句中作宾语时,从句的谓语动词常是see /watch /know /hear等表示感知的动词,且谓语动词前带有情态动词can /could /may等,此外常用的动词还有say /
tell /remember等。如:
It was true,as everybody
could know.(这是真的,大家都知道。)
6.as在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词可以是及物动词的被动语态,也可以是be或其它连系动词。如是不及物动词,则不存在以上关系。可以说as often hap- pens(appears)等。如:
He came back yesterday,as was ex- pected.(他如期昨日返回。) 二、which引导的此类从句,是对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果。一般有下列特点:
1.如果定语从句的谓语是行为动词的主动语态,且关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般要用which,这时which可以用 and
that改写为并列句。如:
Things then greatly changed,which surprised us.=Things then greatly changed,and that surprised us.(那时事情巨变,使我们惊讶。)
2.由“介词+关系代词”引导的关系分句多用于正式文体中,常用“介词+ which”,不用“介词+as”。如:
They tried to think of a plan by which they could finish their task
ahead of time.(他们试图想个计划,以便提前完成任务。) 三、在与上述几条不冲突的情况下,as和which可以换用。如:
A horse is a useful animal,as /which
everybody knows.(众所周知,马是有用的动物。)
1.Dorothy was always
speaking highly of her role in the play,_____ ,of course,made
the others unhappy.(NMET
2.The weather turned out
to be very good, _____
was more than we could expect.
3.In the office I never
seem to have time until after 5:30P.M._____ many
people have gothome.(上海 95)
A.whose time
C.on which
D.by which
,the Great Wall came into being
in Qin Dynasty.
A.It's clear
B.We all know
C.As we all know
D.Which we all
5.As many members were
present _____ agreed to the plan.
6._____ is known to
everybody,the moon trav-
els round the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
D.What(参考答案:1.B
2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D
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