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"Swinging London," , circa 1966.
Swinging London is a catch-all term applied to the fashion and cultural scene that flourished in London in the 1960s. It consisted largely of music, discotheques, and
phenomenon that emphasised the new and modern. It was a period of optimism and hedonism, and a . One catalyst was the recovery of the British economy after post-World War II
which lasted through much of the 1950s. "Swinging London" was defined by Time magazine in its issue of 15 April 1966 and celebrated in the name of the
station, , that began shortly afterward. However, "swinging" in the sense of
or fashionable had been used since the early 1960s, including by
in his "swinging/dodgy" patter on . In 1965, , editor of
magazine, said "London is the most swinging city in the world at the moment." Later that year, the American singer
had a hit record with "", which steps around the progressive youth culture (both musically and lyrically). 1967 saw the release of 's cult documentary film
which accurately summed up both the culture of Swinging London through celebrity interviews, and the music with its accompanying soundtrack release featuring .
Already heralded by ' 1959 novel , Swinging London was underway by the mid-1960s and included music by , , , , , and other artists from what was known in the United States as the "".
from artists such as , , , and
grew significantly in popularity. This sort of music was heard in the United Kingdom over
stations such as , , and
because the BBC did not allow this on their radio station.
, circa 1968.
During the time of Swinging London, fashion and photography were featured in
magazine, which drew attention to fashion designer .
was another icon and one of the world's first supermodels. She was the world's highest paid and most photographed model during this time. Shrimpton was called "The Face of the '60s", in which she has been considered by many as "the symbol of Swinging London" and the "embodiment of the 1960s". Other popular models of the era included , , and . The model
has been called "the face of 1966" and "the Queen of ," a label she shared with others, such as , who hosted the television rock show,
from 1964 to 1966.
Mod-related fashions such as the
stimulated fashionable
areas such as
and , . The fashion was a symbol of youth culture.[]
The British flag, the , became a symbol, assisted by events such as England's home victory in the . The
car (launched in 1959) was used by a fleet of mini-cab taxis highlighted by advertising that covered their paintwork.[]
The phenomenon was featured in many films of the time. These include
(1965), the
(1969), and
The comedy films
(1997) and
(1999) resurrected the imagery, as did the 2009 film .
One television series that reflected the spirit of Swinging London was
In the episode "Beauty is an Ugly Word" (1966) of BBC's , Adamant (), an
adventurer suspended in time since 1902, was told, "This is London, 1966 – the swinging city."[]
(1969) is noted for 's first starring role, an evocative
theme song ("Light Flight" by ),
location, and scenes in which the heroines were shown dressing or undressing.[]
"Jigsaw Man", a 1968 episode of the detective series , opened with the announcement: "This is London... Swinging London".[]
's spy novels featured Philip McAlpine, a foppish, long-haired, -smoking British spy straight out of Carnaby Street.
, a Britain-wide phenomenon in the 1990s and 2000s.
most famous (if not the first) identification of Swinging London Gilbert, David (2006)
The London Journal 31(1): pp. 1–14, page 3, :
Quoted by John Crosby, Weekend Telegraph, 16 April 1965; and in Pearson, Lynn (2007) "Roughcast textures with cosmic overtones: a survey of British murals, 1945–80" Decorative Arts Society Journal 31: pp. 116–37
Barry Miles, 2009.
Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009
Ros Horton, Sally Simmons, 2007.
Burgess, Anya (10 May 2004). . Daily Post.
. Family Weekly. 8 February 1967.
Cloud, Barbara (11 June 1967). . The Pittsburg Press.
07 (21). 30 May 1977.
Patrick, Kate (21 May 2005). . < News.
Fowler, David (2008) Youth Culture in Modern Britain, C.1920-c.1970: From Ivory Tower to Global Movement – A New History p.134. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008
Salter, Tom (1970) Carnaby Street Margaret and Jack Hobbs, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England,
(1968). Bomb culture. MacGibbon & Kee.  .
(1970). The Pendulum Years. .  .
(1970). Revolt into Style. .  .
(2006). White heat: A history of Britain in the swinging sixties. .  .
(2005). Never had it so good: A history of Britain from Suez to the Beatles. .  .
Beard, Chris (Joe) (2014) Taking the Purple - The Extraordinary Story of The Purple Gang - Granny Takes a Trip… and All That" – print
or online in Kindle format
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in sixty 意思还有at sixties in his sixties at his sixties
还有at sixties in his sixties at his sixties
in + 物主代词+ 数字复数 表示 某人 大约多少岁的时候
在某人六十几岁的时候
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Oxford ought to be a place where debate is protected.&
Older workers who take courses to keep their skills up to date will be more likely to keep their jobs, claims David Willetts, the higher education minister.
Mr Willetts said the age limit on student loans to cover tuition fees had been lifted, making a degree course “great value” for older people. This would help them cope with the pressure they would face to keep up to date as they worked well into their sixties, he suggested.
His comments followed a government report which found that the country’s future economic success would depend on the skills and contributions of older workers.
Campaigners for the elderly voiced doubts that prospective pensioners would be willing to commit to challenging degree courses and increased levels of debt to continue working.
One in four people will be older than 65 by 2033 and economists have warned that the ageing population will place an unsustainable burden on taxpayers unless more people work for longer.
The state pension age is to rise to 67 by 2028. Ministers have warned that they have no idea when younger workers in their thirties will be able to retire.
Mr Willetts, who is accompanying David Cameron in India, urged workers older than 60 to give further education serious consideration. “There is certainly a pressure for continuing to get retrained and upskilled,” he told The Daily Telegraph. “Higher education has an economic benefit in that if you stay up to date with knowledge and skills you are more employable.”
Mr Willetts said a university course had “wider” benefits, making people more likely to lead healthy lives.
“Education is such a good thing it is not reserved for younger people,” he said. “There will be people of all ages who will want to study. There is great value in lifelong learning.”
Under previous rules, students in England were eligible for a loan to cover tuition fees only if they were younger than 54.
“There was a lot of criticism about the ageism of all this,” Mr Willetts said. “The regime now is there is no age limit on fee loans.”
Latest figures showed that only 1,940 undergraduates starting courses last year were older than 60, out of a total of 552,240 students in Britain. Some 6,455 were aged between 50 and 60, according to the Higher Education Statistics Agency.
Mr Willetts said this pattern was changing. He said: “There is evidence that the idea that you first study and then stop isn’t what the world is like any more.”
Online courses were attracting “a lot of older people” who are taking advantage of their reduced work commitments to spend more time studying, he said. Most older students take university courses for recreational purposes to keep their minds active and pursue a long-term interest, such as art history or literature. Ministers believe that this is likely to change as more people are required to retrain for different jobs.
“There is nothing stopping older people applying for university,” Mr Willetts said. “If they can benefit from it, they should have that opportunity.
“If people need it in order to keep up to date with changes in their jobs, that is an opportunity they are going to take.”
Last year, a government report said higher education remained an option to encourage older people to stay in the workforce.
Ministers have abolished the default retirement age, which had restricted individuals’ ability to remain in work, and are encouraging employers to allow their staff to switch to more flexible hours.
Older workers will be given “advice and retraining” through the national skills strategy, and a new “all-age” careers service will be set up to help people find jobs, the report said.
In a section headed “how to get older persons to stay in the work force”, the first policy listed stated: “Higher education remains an option for people throughout their lives. Student loans for tuition fees have no age limit”.
Loans to cover living costs while at university have an age limit of 60. Tuition fees in England are now set at up to ?9,000 a year and students are only required to pay back once they have graduated and started earning a salary of more than ?21,000.
However, the average pensioner this year will have an income of ?15,300 a year, meaning they are unlikely ever to be required to repay the loan.
A House of Lords committee is investigating the impact of the ageing population on public services.
Prof John Philpott, the chief economist at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, told the committee that universities should set up more courses to help older workers study “at weekends or during breaks”.
Dr Ros Altmann, an economist and leading pensions specialist, said she was “not convinced” that many people would see a three-year university degree costing ?27,000 as a good investment.
She said: “If you have already been in the workplace and you know what you want to study, I wouldn’t have thought that three years at university with those kind of costs, and the long holidays that universities have, would be the best thing for older people to take up and pay for.”
Dr Altmann said a dedicated education programme, developed by employers, would be more suitable.
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几道初中英语题答案我知道要原因here is some question for you ,please answer as soon as possible,thanks1 tomorrow is grandmother's _____birthday.we are going to have a big partya sixty
d the sixtieth2
答案我知道要原因here is some question for you ,please answer as soon as possible,thanks1 tomorrow is grandmother's _____birthday.we are going to have a big partya sixty
d the sixtieth2 ____mouse is _____animal.(填冠词）3 this boy is jack,____monitor of class onea a
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b a pair of
c pieces of
d plenty of9 more and more people realize the ________of the good enviornment.(important)是否加S
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He went to college in the 90s,when he was already in his sixties/////这里为什么要用Sixties说仔细一点
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他在90年代上了大学,那时候他已经60对岁了.in one's 数次复数 表示在某人多少岁多的时候例如说,in my twenties在我20多岁的时候 表示20-30之间.
