分析法语句子宾语还是状语
怎么样分析文章中的词是宾语还是状语？下面 欧风 小编就给大家说一说，希望对大家有所帮助。 看上去相似的法语句子，未必就是一样的结构。语法分析一下，能看出很多道道。今天我们分析的两个句子猛看都有时间状语，但实际上，一个是状语，一个却是 大家来找
&　　怎么样分析文章中的词是宾语还是状语？下面小编就给大家说一说，希望对大家有所帮助。
　　看上去相似的法语句子，未必就是一样的结构。语法分析一下，能看出很多道道。今天我们分析的两个句子猛看都有时间状语，但实际上，一个是状语，一个却是&&
　　大家来找茬啦! 来看看这两个法语句子。
　　Il a neig& lundi. 周一下雪了。
　　Notre &quip& a tr&s bien jou& le premier quart d'heure.
我们队在前十五分钟踢得很好。(句子背景是踢足球)
　　结构是不是很像呢?都是&主语+动词+时间&，中文也能理解出意思。但它们从语法角度分析却非常不同。
　　我们只需要试试把句子变被动就能发现问题：Il a neig& lundi. 是不可能变被动的。Neiger作为无人称动词，后面没接直接宾语。
　　然而另外一句则是可以变成被动句的。变化后的句子是：
　　Le premier quart d&heure a &t& tr&s bien jou& par notre &quipe.
　　逐字理解是：前十五分钟被我们队踢得很好。
　　那么问题来了，时间(一刻钟)能被踢吗 ? 它不应该做时间状语的吗?
　　这里le premier quart d&heure虽然是时间，但做的并不是时间状语而是直接宾语。如果做时间状语，正确的说法会在le premier
前加上介词(dans, &或pendant等，视句意而定) 。例如：
　　Il ne faudra pas encaisser de but dans le premier quart d'heure.
　　在前十五分钟不能(让他们)射门。
　　在这句中，jouer le premier quart d&heure 等于jouer le match du premier quart
d&heure。&前十五分钟&相当于说&前十五分钟的比赛& ，省略的目的是让句子简洁一些。所以le premier quart
d&heure是可以当做jouer的直接宾语看待，采用倒装的。就好像我们也可以说：
　　Le match a &t& bien jou& par notre &quipe.
　　这场比赛我们队踢得很好。
　　看完后，大家能区分宾语还是状语了吗?
　　Mirabel老师，沪江网校法语教师，毕业于法国巴黎高等翻译学院，有着多年留法生活经历，拥有DELF、DALF文凭、法语翻译硕士文凭，主讲网校沪江法语A2、法语零基础直达DELF
B2等课程，善于深入浅出地讲解法语难点和文化知识。
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Copyright ©…―…―__…―__…―__…―__…―__…―；/状语/定语从句）比较；一、状语从句关键找引导词（不同状语从句的引导词不；状语从句中考考点：引导词用法和时态问题；1.条件状语从句的引导词：if如果,unless；6.目的状语从句的引导词:sothat以致so…；Since(自从，自…以来)since引导的时间；If引导的状语从句，遵循主过从过，主将从现的原
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初中三大从句（宾语 /状语/定语从句）比较 一、状语从句关键找引导词（不同状语从句的引导词不同）
状语从句中考考点：引导词用法和时态问题 1.条件状语从句的引导词：if如果,unless如果不，除非
as long as只要…就… 2.时间状语从句的引导词:when/while当…的时候,before在…之前,after在…之后,as soon as一…就…,not…until…直到…才…,since自从，whenever无论什么时候 until直到…为止
not…until…直到…才…
as soon as一…就… 3.原因状语从句的引导词:because因为，since既然，as，for 4.让步状语从句的引导词though,although,even though 5.比较状语从句的引导词:than比，as…as与…一样 6.目的状语从句的引导词:so that以致so …that…/such…that…如此…以致于… so直接修饰形容词/副词，而such间接修饰名词。□+□ So+形容词/副词+that从句
such++名词+that从句 名词前有表示多、少意义的many,much,few,little等修饰词时，只能用so,不能用such.
时间/条件状语从句遵循主将从现（主祈从现、主情从现）、主过从过的原则： 在时间/条件状语从句中，当从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时（也可以用祈使句，也可以用含有情态动词的句子） 在时间/条件状语从句中，主句要用一般将来时（或祈使句，或含有情态动词的句子），从句要用一般现在时 若主句中出现了频度副词，主句也可以用一般现在时。 Since 引导的时间状语从句中,当从句用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
在When和while引导的时间状语从句中,延续性动词用过去进行时,非延续性动词用一般过去时。 Since(自从，自…以来)since引导的时间状语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
If 引导的状语从句，遵循主过从过，主将从现的原则。(仅限于初中阶段) 当所假设的情况与现在的事实相反,或所假设的情况永远不可能发生时,就用虚拟语气。 在虚拟语气中，从句用一般过去时，主句用should/would/could/might+动词原形（从句中的be动词一律用were）
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二、宾语从句关键找谓语 宾语从句中考考点：陈述语序、引导词的用法、时态问题 1、宾语从句的引导词 a.当从句为陈述句时：主句+that+从句(此时that可要可不要,并且that不翻译) b.当从句为一般疑问句时：主句+if/whether+从句,此时一般疑问句要用陈述语序(此时if/whether翻译为是否)whether…or not
c.当从句为特殊疑问句时：主句+特殊疑问词+从句,此时特殊疑问句要用陈述语序)
2.宾语从句的的从句部分要用陈述语序 第1 页 共4 页
从句部分是一般疑问句:主语+谓语+(宾语) +引导词if/whether+主语+谓语+其它。 从句部分是特殊疑问句: 主语+谓语+(宾语)+引导词特殊疑问词+主语+谓语+其它。
3.宾语从句的时态 1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任何时态； 2.主句用一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时； 3.无论主句用什么时态，从句叙述客观真理或事实，则从句仍用用一般现在时。
三、定语从句关键找先行词 定语从句中考考点：关系词（关系代词和关系副词） 1、当先行词指人时,关系代词可以用who,that,whose,whom. who和that在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语；whom在从句中只能作宾语；whose在从句中只能作定语，即whose后面加名词 2、当先行词指物时,关系代词可以用which/that(which和that在从句中既可以作主语,也可以作宾语) 3、当先行词指地点时,关系副词可以用where,wherer在定语从句中充当地点状语； 4、当先行词指时间时,关系副词可以用when,when在定语从句中充当时间状语； 5、当先行词指原因时,关系副词可以用why,why在定语从句中充当原因状语；
1.He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year
2.I 3.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 4.The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 5.He 6.We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 7.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
8.I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
9.If he comes back, please let me know. 10.While John was watching TV , his wife was cooking.
11.When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.
12.They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
13.She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. 14.Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us. 15.He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 16.The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 17.We shall wait until
till he comes back 18.I didn't leave until
before she came back.
19.Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 20.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
21.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in.
22.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 23.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 24.I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
25.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 26.27.I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. 28.Tom is now working on the farm.It's two years since he was a college student. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he
came into the classroom. 29.Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.
第2 页 共4 页
30.Once 一旦 you see him, you will never forget him.
31.He left me a good impression the first time I met him. 32.The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough. 33.By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all byhimself. 34.Wherever you go, you should do your work well.
35.Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.
36.He went to bed early, because he was tired 37.Since you have no licence, you are not allowed to drive.
38.They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them. 39.Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 40.The teacher told me that tom was the only person that Icould depend on.
41.China is a country which has a long history. 42.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
43.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 44.His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
45.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 46.The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.
47.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 48.Is this the doctor that49.The letter that I received yesterday was from my father（whom）you talked about yesterday50.If you ask hm, he will help you.
51.Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 52.They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
53.He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard. 54.As long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty. 55.The more you read, the better you understand. 56.Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pas the exam.
57.No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day. 58.The book which I am reading is written by Lu Xun. 59.The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 60.Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 61.The boys who are playing football are from class one.
62.This is the first English movie that I have ever seen.
63.This is the best book that I have ever read.
64.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room
1.There are lots of things
I need to prepare before the trip. 2.Jim dislikes people
talk much but never do anything .
---I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday.
---Oh,how nice!Do you know when he
4.We are trying to help those children
B.was leaving
C.has left
D.had left
lost their parents in Yushu,Qinghai Province.
5.Do you know the girl
6.Have you found the answer to the question
is singing in the classroom? A.when
7.I want to know
I asked you this morning?
第3 页 共4 页
A.when we should arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at
8.---Would you please tell me __________?
---At 10:00 this evening.
D.when the airport should we arrive at
B.when should we arrive at the airport
A. when will the train leave
9.---Could you tell me A.how I can meet Cathy
B. when the train will leave
---Fill in this form and I will give you a card.
C. when does the train leave 10. --- Excuse me. Could you tell me B.where I can meet Cathy
A. how will you go Shanghai
C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai
D. When the bus will leave for Shanghai
B. how you will go to Shanghai
C.when I can meet Cathy
--- It will leave at 4:00 p.m.
11.---Can I join youA.when shall we go to the movie
B.how can we go there
---Sure, we are talking about
C.who should we go with
12.--- We'll go for a picnic if it_________this Sunday.
D.why we like the movie A.rain
B.doesn't rain
C.won't rain
--- Wish you a lovely weekend.
13.Teresa is A. such, that
B. too, to
C. so, that
she can’t talk in front of the class.
14.--- What's your plan for the summer holidays?
A. in order that
---I’ll go to Beijing
15. --- We'll go for a picnic if it____________this Sunday.
B. so that
C. as soon as
the school term ends.
D. even though
B. doesn't rain
16.I think C. won't rain
---Wish you a lovely weekend.
A. keep reading B
not difficult
English every morning．
17.---We'll go for a picnic if it ．it’s; keep reading C. to keep reading D． to keep reading
B. doesn't rain
C. won't rain
this Sunday.
---Wish you a lovely weekend.
18.A.won’t---If our government
B. doesn’t
C. attention to controling food safety now, our health won’t pay, will be
D. doesn’t pay, will be
in danger.
19. ---Excuse me Could you wake me up when my friend ---Of course.
A.comes,will come
B.comes, comes
we still don't know when your friend
here? 20. ---Do you have Jay's CDs?
C.will come,comes
D.will come,will come
---Sorry, they are A.sold well,are on sale
B.sold out,sell well
. But we'll get some more next week because they
C.selling well,sell well
D.for sale,sell well
21.---Why is Harvey's mother so happy?
---Because only three students
A. besides
his son Harvey.
C. including
D. without
22.---I want to know when Mr. Brown will arrive.
A. will arrive
B. arrived
C. arrives
---When he
, I will tell you. 23.---I like drinking wine. But people who drink wine ---If I A. drinking
B. drinking
you, I would give up
aren’t allowed to drive. 24. A.While
D.to drinkw wine.
25.What would happen if he
B.Although
I was in he US, I made a lot of American friends.
back home?
26. If a polar bear A.will be hungry,catches
C.is going to be hungry,catches
fish from the water.
B.is hungry,will catch
D.is hungry,won’t catch
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在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。6、状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。8.宾补就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的例：I know you are student good at maths在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是：I know you are student who is good at maths还可以是-ing 形式I see you crossing the street简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：SV（主＋谓）基本句型二：SVP（主＋谓＋表）基本句型三：SVO（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：SVoO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：SVOC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（不及物动词）┃┠———————————————┼———————————————┨┃1. The sun│was shining.┃┃2. The moon │rose. ┃┃3. The universe │remains.┃┃4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.┃┃5. Who│cares?┃┃6. What he said │does not matter.┃┃7. They │talkedfor half an hour. ┃┃8. The pen│writessmoothly┃1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. 月亮升起了。3. 宇宙长存。 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. 管它呢？ 6. 他所讲的没有什么关系。7. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意*思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的*意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一*类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没*有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（是系动词）│P┃┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨┃1. This │is│an English-Chinese dictionary.┃┃2. The dinner │smells│good. ┃┃3. He │fell│in love.┃┃4. Everything │looks │different.┃┃5. He │is growing│tall and strong.┃┃6. The trouble│is│that they are short of money. ┃┃7. Our well │has gone│dry.┃┃8. His face │turned│red.┃┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. 午餐的气味很好。3. 他堕入了情网。 4. 一切看来都不同了。5. 他长得又高又壮。 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. 我们井干枯了。 8. 他的脸红了。基本句型三此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（及物动词）│ O ┃┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨┃1. Who│knows │the answer? ┃┃2. She│smiled│her thanks. ┃┃3. He │has refused │to help them. ┃┃4. He │enjoys│reading.┃┃5. They │ate │what was left over. ┃┃6. He │said│"Good morning." ┃┃7. I│want│to have a cup of tea. ┃┃8. He │admits│that he was mistaken. ┃┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. 谁知道答案？ 2. 她微笑表示感谢。3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 4. 他喜欢看书。5. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. 他说：“早上好！”7. 我想喝杯茶。 8. 他承认犯了错误。基本句型四此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（及物）│ o（多指人） │ O（多指物） ┃┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨1. She│ordered │herself │a new dress.┃┃2. She│cooked│her husband │a delicious meal. ┃┃3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. ┃┃4. He │denies│her │nothing.┃┃5. I│showed│him │my pictures.┃┃6. I│gave│my car│a wash. ┃┃7. I│told│him │that the bus was late.┃┃8. He │showed│me│how to run the machine. ┃┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. 他对她什么都不拒绝。5. 我给他看我的照片。 6. 我洗了我的汽车。7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. 他教我开机器。基本句型五此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃ S │V（及物）│ O（宾语） │C（宾补）┃┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨┃1. They │appointed │him │manager.┃┃2. They │painted │the door│green.┃┃3. This │set │them│thinking. ┃┃4. They │found │the house │deserted. ┃┃5. What │makes │him │think so? ┃┃6. We │saw │him │out.┃┃7. He │asked │me│to come back soon.┃┃8. I│saw │them│getting on the bus. ┃┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 他们任命他当经理。 2. 他们把门漆成绿色。3. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。5. 他怎么会这样想？ 6. 我们送他出去。7. 他要我早点回来。 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例：We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-ing to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People'sDaily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：He's getting angry. (S V C)He got through the window.(S V M)You'll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble.(S V O M)He got her a splendid present.(S V o O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。（S V O M）I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。（S V O C）I have to do something. 我得做点事。I have something to do. 我有点事做。表语从句就是"表句是个句子",同理,宾语从句,定语从句都这样理解.表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语/下面是我找到的材料,参考一下吧.==================基本概念1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2． 构成：关联词+简单句3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but it&s as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。重点疑难1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。2． 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。英语里的基本的6个时态一、 一般现在时：用动词原型表示，但单数第三人称后要加-s，在词尾加-s时要注意：1． 一般情况：加-s 例：reads，writes，says2． 以s，x，ch，sh收尾的词加-es 例：teaches，washes，guesses3． 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例：try—tries，carry—carries。这个时态的疑问句一般以句首加助动词do，does构成。句中动词要用原型动词be提前：do you know it？are you students？does she have a pen？1．一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作：we always care for each other and help each other。they cycle to work every day。2．现在的特征或状态：he loves sports。do you sing？a little。i major in english。3． 遍真理：light travels faster than sound。two and four makes six。the moon moves round the earth。有些表示状态和感觉的动词常常可用于一般现在时：be，love，like，hate，want，hope，need，prefer，wish，know，understand，remember，believe，recognize，guess，suppose，mean，belong，think（以为），feel，envy，doubt，remain，consist，contain，seem，look（看起来），see，fit，suit，owe，own，hear，find，suggest，propose，allow，show（说明），prove，mind（在意），have（有），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），matter，require，possess，desire等等。i feel a sharp pain in my chest。the soup contains too much salt。you see what i mean？the coat fits you very well。how do you find the book？有些表示动作的动词间或可用于这一时态，表示现刻的动作，由于动作持续时间机短，用于进行时不自然：i send you my best wishes。i salute your courage。now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you。在口语中这个时态用来表示一个按规定、计划或安排发生的情况（这是都有一个表示未来时间的状语）：when do the train leave（stop at jinan）？the plane take off at 11 am。tomorrow is saturday。is there a firm on tonight？但这只限少数动词，如begin，come，go，leave，sail，start，arrive，return，dine，end，stop，depart，open，close，be等。另外，在时间或条件从句中，将来动作或状态多用这一时态表示：tell her about that when she come。turn off the light before you leave。we‘ll start as soon as you are ready。在口语中，这个时态间或可以用来表示一个已经发生的动作（这个动作发生的时间在说话人脑中处于很不重要的地位）：they say xiao wu is back。is that true？xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad。oh，i forget where he lives。yes，you answer quite well。此外一般现在时还多用于报刊、电影、电视解说等其他几种情况。二、 现在进行时现在进行时用助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成，它的肯定、否定、疑问形式如下：i am working。i am not working。am i working？现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。where are they having the basket-ball match？they are putting up the scaffolding。he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city。在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字，在译为英语时却必须用进行时态：how are you getting on with the work？the work is going fairly smoothly。you are making rapid progress。it is blowing hard。who are you waiting for？whenever i see her，she is working in the garden。我每次看到她时，她总是在花园里干活。在一般现在时所列的表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变，能表示一个正在进行的动作，就能够用于进行时态，试比较下面的句子：do you see anyone over there？你看到那里有什么人吗？are you seeing someone off？你在给谁送行吗？i hear someone singing。我听见有人唱歌。they are hearing an english talk？他们在听一个英语报告。what do you think of it？你觉得这怎么样？what are you thinking about？你在想什么？另外，表示无法持续动作的动词，一般不宜用于进行时态，但有些可以用于这个时态表示重复、即将等：he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳着。the train is arriving。火车就要进站了。the old man is dying。老头病危了。现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安安排要进行的动作（这是多有一个表示未来时间的状语）：we are leaving on friday。are you going anywhere tomorrow？a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。xiao hong！coming。who is interpreting for you？we are having a holiday next monday。但这仅限于少量动词，如go，come，leave，start，arrive，lunch，return，dine，work，sleep，stay，play，do，have，wear等。另外，“be going+不定式”这个结构经常用来表示即将发生的事或打算（准备）做的事：i am afraid it is going to rain。it is going to be rather cold tomorrow。she is not going to speak at the meeting。在这个结构中过去有许多人不赞成用go和come这两个动词，感到很别扭，主张不说are you going to go anywhere tomorrow？而说are you going anywhere tomorrow？不说is she going to come？而说is she coming？但现在在这种结构中用两个动词的人越来越多，这种用法基本上被大家接受了。此外，在时间和条件状语从句中，间或也可用现在进行时表示将来的情况或一般情况：do not mention this when you are talking with him。remember that when you are taking a rest，some else is always working。if she is still sleeping，do not wake her up。现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，这是或是为了表示一种感情（a）如赞叹、厌烦等，或是为了强调情况的暂时性（b）。a． how are you feeling today？（比how do you feel today？更显亲切）xiao hua is doing fine work at school。（比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富赞美）he is always thinking of his work。表赞许he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是乱扔东西。（表不满）he is always boasting。他老爱说大话。（表厌烦）b．he is sleeping in the next room now。他现在现在是在隔壁房间睡了（不再原来房间睡了）。the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。where is he working？他现在在那里工作？（可能刚换工作）for this week we are starting work at 7：30。he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。be间或可用于进行时态，表示一时的表现：you are not being modest。he is being silly。she is being friendly。xiao hong is being a good girl today。do not talk rot。i am being serious。注： 在there和here引起的句子中，常可用一般现在时代替现在进行时：here comes the bus。（=the bus is coming.）there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.)在某些情况下两种情况都可以用，没有多少差别：i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then.does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?)it itches (is itching) terribly.my back aches (is aching).i write (am writing ) to inform you.
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