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For the play by Moira Buffini, see .
See also , , , and .
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by . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015)
A formal American dinner setting
Dinner usually refers to the most significant and important
of the day, which can be the
meal. However, the term "dinner" can have many different meanings depe it may mean a meal of any size eaten at any time of day. Historically, it referred to the first meal of the day, eaten around noon, and is still sometimes used for a noontime meal, particularly if it is a large or main meal. The meaning as the evening meal, generally the largest of the day, is becoming standard in most parts of the .
The word is from the Old French (c. 1300) disner, meaning "breakfast", from the stem of Gallo-Romance desjunare ("to break one's fast"), from Latin dis- ("undo") + Late Latin ieiunare ("to fast"), from Latin ieiunus ("fasting, hungry"). The
word "dejun" and the
"déjeuner" retain this etymology and to some extent the meaning (whereas the
word "desayuno" and
"desjejum" are related but are exclusively used for breakfast). Eventually, the term shifted to referring to the heavy main meal of the day, even if it had been preceded by a breakfast meal (or even both breakfast and lunch).
In Europe, the fashionable hour for dinner began to be incrementally postponed during the 18th century, to two and three in the afternoon, until at the time of the
an English traveler to Paris remarked upon the "abominable habit of dining as late as seven in the evening".
In most modern usages, the term dinner often now refers to the evening meal, which is now often the most significant meal of the day in English-speaking cultures. When this meaning is used, the preceding meals are usually referred to as ,
and . In some areas, the tradition of using dinner to mean the most important meal of the day regardless of time of day leads to a variable name for meals depending on the combination of their size and the time of day, while in others meal names are fixed based on the time they are consumed.
The divide between different meanings of "dinner" is not cut-and-dried based on either geography or socioeconomic class. However, the use of the term dinner for the midday meal is strongest among working-class people, especially in the English Midlands, North of England and the central belt of Scotland. Even in systems in which dinner is the meal usually eaten at the end of the day, an individual dinner may still refer to a main or more sophisticated meal at any time in the day, such as a , feast, or a special meal eaten on a
or holiday, such as
dinner. At such a dinner the people who dine together may be formally dressed and consume food with an array of . These dinners are often divided into three or more courses.
consisting of options such as soup, salad etc., precede the main course, which is followed by the .
A casual poll conducted by , an Australian winemaker, found the average evening meal time in the U.K. to be 7:47pm, but does not state (other than in the reporter own title) if the people surveyed call their evening meal dinner or tea.
Oxford College women in formal dress at dinner, date unknown
A dinner party is a social gathering at which people congregate to eat dinner.
During the times of , a dinner party was referred to as a convivia, and was a significant event for Roman emperors and senators to congregate and discuss their relations. The Romans often ate and were also very fond of fish sauce called liquamen (also known as ) during said parties.[]
In greater , England (c. 1875–c. 1900), dinner parties were sometimes formal occasions that included printed invitations and formal .
The food served at these parties ranged from large, extravagant food displays and several meal
to more simple fare and food service. Activities sometimes included singing and poetry reciting, among others.
Olver, Lynne. . Lynne Olver 2014.
from Online Dictionary. Accessed November 11, 2009.
from Online Dictionary. Accessed November 11, 2009.
Quote in Ian Kelly, Cooking for Kings: the life of Antonin Carême the first celebrity chef, 2003:78. For guests of
at the , dinner under
was even later.
. The Guardian (London). August 2012.
. Evening Standard. 3 October 2007.
Draznin, Y. (2001). . ABC-Clio ebook. Greenwood Press.  .
Edwards, C. (2007). . Yale University Press.  .
McMillan, Sherrie (2001). . History Magazine 2015.
Nunn, J.J. (1872). .
Inness, S.A. (2001). . NONE Series. University of Iowa Press.  .
Meiselman, H.L. (2009). . Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. Elsevier Science. pp. 97–98.  .
Wikiquote has quotations related to:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
: Hidden categories:in the evening
[in ?? 'i:vni?]
[?n ?i 'ivn??]
大家都在背：
1. In the evening a log fire would provide cosiness.
晚上点起篝火会让人感到温暖舒适。
来自柯林斯例句
2. Later in the evening, Lewis began to croon another Springsteen song.
那天晚上晚些时候，刘易斯开始哼唱另一首斯普林斯汀的歌曲。
来自柯林斯例句
3. They worked without a break until about eight in the evening.
他们一刻不停地干到晚上8点钟左右。
来自柯林斯例句
4. I sometimes feel uncomfortable after eating in the evening.
我晚上吃完饭有时会觉得不舒服。
来自柯林斯例句
5. At about a quarter of eight in the evening Joe Urber calls.
大约晚上8点差一刻的时候，乔·乌尔贝尔打来电话。
来自柯林斯例句
介词用法口诀 ... in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天.
- 基于2139个网页
剑桥国际英语教程_词汇手册入门级_百度文库 ... in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在傍晚 in the morning 在早上.
- 基于95个网页
Kate的单词本 - 我的n词酷 ... 课间 : between lessons 晚间 : in the evening 田间 : field.
- 基于48个网页
九年级英语短语_百度知道 ... 在黑暗中 in the dark 在夜晚 in the evening 一直，总是 all the time.
- 基于39个网页
1. 在平时晚上
八年级英语下1... ... 8. 找一份兼职工作 get a part-time job 9. 在平时晚上 in the evenings 10. 入睡 go to sleep.
- 基于5个网页
1. 在晚会上
Jane had a fine time in the evening party ., 珍在晚会上玩得很开心.
- 基于7个网页
Jane had a fine time in the evening party ., 珍在晚会上玩得很开心.
- 基于4个网页
She advertised for her lost son in the evening paper ., 他在晚报上登广告寻找丢失的儿子.
- 基于7个网页
I picked up reading in the evening school ., 我是在夜校学会看书的.
- 基于4个网页
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in the evening
需要改进的内容：
单词大小写
其他（请在下面补充描述）
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方便的话，请您留下一种联系方式，便于问题的解决：From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Vening Meinesz" redirects here. For Sjoerd Anne Vening Meinesz, Mayor of Rotterdam, see .
Felix Andries Vening Meinesz ( July 30, 1887 -
August 10, 1966) was a Dutch
and . He is known for his invention of a precise method for measuring . Thanks to his invention, it became possible to measure gravity at sea, which led him to the discovery of
above the ocean floor. He later attributed these anomalies to . He was a .
Vening Meinesz's father, Sjoerd Anne Vening Meinesz, was mayor, first of , then of . He grew up in a protected environment. In 1910 he graduated in civil engineering in . The same year he started working for the Dutch gravity survey. In 1915 he wrote his
on the defects of the gravimeters used at that time.
Vening Meinesz then designed a new gravimeter, which the
(Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute) built. The apparatus has two
of the same size hanging in a frame but moving in opposite phases. With mirrors and lightbeams the difference in amplitude of the two pendula is captured on a film. Vening Meinesz had discovered that horizontal accelerations (as by waves on a boat) had no influence on the difference in amplitude between the two pendula. The recorded difference then is the amplitude of a theoretical, undisturbed pendulum. Now it became possible to measure gravity more accurately. Vening Meinesz started with measuring gravity all over the Netherlands, for which a network of 51 monitoring stations was created. This became a success, which encouraged him to do measurements at sea. A perfected gravimeter, hanging in a 'swing', was designed. The experiment was successful.
Now measuring gravity at sea had become possible. Between 1923 and 1929 the tall (over 2 metres) Vening Meinesz embarked in small submarines for some uncomfortable expeditions. His goal was to establish the exact shape of the
and the Earth. When his expedition with the submarine Hr. Ms. K XVIII was made into a movie in 1935, Vening Meinesz became a hero of the Dutch cinema public. Besides, his research was in the international scientific spotlight. In 1927 he became a part-time professor in geodesy,
and geophysics at , and in 1937 he became professor at the
as well. He was awarded the
In , Vening Meinesz was involved in the Dutch resistance. After the war he could take up his tasks as a professor again. From 1945 to 1951 he was the director of the KNMI. He retired in 1957.
The vast amounts of data that his expeditions yielded were analyzed and discussed together with other leading Dutch
of the time ,
and , the results were published in 1948. An important result was the discovery of elongated belts of negative
along the . The mean gravity force appeared to be the same on land and at sea, which was in agreement with the principle of . Vening Meinesz was especially intrigued by the oceanic trenches. The coexisitence of active , large negative gravity anomalies and the sudden difference in terrain elevation could only be explained by assuming the
was somehow pushed together at these places. As a geophysicist, he was prejudiced that the crust was too rigid to deform at that scale in such a way. His discoveries could be explained only with the development of the theory of
in the '50s.
Vening Meinesz measured the gravity field of the
with his pendulum apparatus onboard several submarines. The following expeditions are described in his publications, "Gravity Expeditions at Sea"
(1926 - 1927)
(1928 - 1930)
(1934 - 1935)
Vening Meinesz was not onboard during expeditions after 1939. His experiments were performed by his students. Vol V:
(1948 - 1949)
Named after him are:
a , an apparatus to measure gravity
a mathematical function used in geodesy
a medal of the European Geophysical Society/
a research school at
The crater
Bruins, G. J.; Scholte, J. G. J. (1967). "Felix Andries Vening Meinesz ".
13: 294. :.
Vening-Meinesz, F.A. (1929).
(PDF). Delft: Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie 2. p. 95.  .
Vening-Meinesz, F.A. (1932). . Delft: Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie 3. p. 109.  .
Vening-Meinesz, F.A. (1948). . Delft: Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie 9. p. 233.  .
Vening Meinesz, F.A., Gravity Expeditions at Sea
(Vol. I), Drukkerij Waltman, Delft
Vening Meinesz, F.A., Gravity Expeditions at Sea
(Vol. II), Drukkerij Waltman, Delft
Vening Meinesz, F.A., Gravity Expeditions at Sea
(Vol. III), Drukkerij Waltman, Delft
Vening Meinesz, F.A., Gravity Expeditions
(Vol. V), Drukkerij Waltman, Delft
: Hidden categories:从选项中找出与所给单词画线部分读音相同的一个1.dr(y) A.famil(y) B.empt(y)C.hungr（y) D.wh(y)2.m(e)nd A.h(e)lp B.(e)vening C.pock(e)t D.plan(e)3.c(ou)nt A.en(ou)gh B.col(ou)r C.y(ou)r D.ab(ou)t4.p(o)st A.(o)ther B.g(o) C.t(o)day _作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案
从选项中找出与所给单词画线部分读音相同的一个1.dr(y) A.famil(y) B.empt(y)C.hungr（y) D.wh(y)2.m(e)nd A.h(e)lp B.(e)vening C.pock(e)t D.plan(e)3.c(ou)nt A.en(ou)gh B.col(ou)r C.y(ou)r D.ab(ou)t4.p(o)st A.(o)ther B.g(o) C.t(o)day
从选项中找出与所给单词画线部分读音相同的一个1.dr(y) A.famil(y) B.empt(y)C.hungr（y) D.wh(y)2.m(e)nd A.h(e)lp B.(e)vening C.pock(e)t D.plan(e)3.c(ou)nt A.en(ou)gh B.col(ou)r C.y(ou)r D.ab(ou)t4.p(o)st A.(o)ther B.g(o) C.t(o)day D.int(o)5.wh(o)se A.z(oo) B.sec(o)nd C.Lond(o)n D.t(o)morrow6.eleph(a)nt A.n(a)me B.pl(a)ne C.t(a)ble D.husb(a)nd7.(wh)ose A.(wh)ere B.(wh)ich C.(wh)at D.(wh)o
1.D2.A3.D4.B5.A6.D7.DFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the dress code.
For other uses, see .
(including black tie)
Men's black tie dress (double-breasted jacket)
Black tie is a
of formal wear for evening events and social functions derived from British and American
conventions of the 19th century. Worn only for events after 6 p.m., black tie is , i.e. less formal than
but more formal than . It is also more formal than recent intermediate codes of “creative,” “alternate” or “optional” black tie.
For men, the elements of black tie are:
A , of black or midnight blue wool, in which the jacket lapels and trouser braid are of silk or other contrasting material
Black dress shoes.
This section does not
any . Please help improve this section by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (December 2014)
Women's dress for black tie occasions has varied great traditionally it was:
Evening shoes
Dinner (ankle) or tea (below mid-calf) length sleeveless , often accompanied by:
Today women's dress for black tie occasions is:
Evening shoes and
A ballgown.
Cocktail party - 1936
When the dinner jacket ( in American English) first came into fashion in the , it was used as a less formal alternative for the
which men of the
wore every evening. Thus it was worn with the standard accompaniments for the evening tailcoat at the time: matching trousers, white or black waistcoat, white bow tie, white detachable wing-collar formal shirt and black formal shoes. Lapels were often faced or edged in silk or satin in varying widths. Dinner jackets were considered from the first less formal than full dress (cutaway) and etiquette guides declared it inappropriate for wear in mixed company.
During the , the practice of wearing a black waistcoat and black bow tie with a dinner jacket became the convention, establishing the basis of the current black tie and
dress codes. The dinner jacket was also increasingly accepted at less formal evening occasions such as warm-weather gatherings or intimate dinners with friends.
After World War I, the dinner jacket became de facto evening wear, while the evening tailcoat was limited to extremely formal or ceremonial occasions. During this interwar period, double-breasted jackets, turndown-collar shirts and cummerbunds became popular for black-tie evenings as did white and colored jackets in warm weather.
In the decades following World War II, black tie became special occasion attire rather than standard evening wear. In the 1950s, colored and patterned jackets, cummerbunds and bow ties and narrow lapels the 1960s and 1970s saw the color palette move from muted to bright day-glow and pastel, as well as ruffled-placket shirts as lapels got wider and piping was revived. The 1980s and 1990s saw a return to nostalgic styles, with black jackets and trousers again becoming nearly universal. In the 2000s (decade), midnight blue once again became popular, lapel facings were sometimes reduced to wide edging and long ties were often substituted for the iconic bow tie. Black or colored shirts were more frequently worn.
Unlike , which is very strictly regulated, black-tie ensembles can display more variation. In brief, the traditional components for men are:
A jacket with
facings (usually
or ) on a ,
or . Many current fashion stylists and writers see notched lapels as less formal although they (like peaked and shawl) were used (though somewhat rarely) in some of the early forms of the garment.
with a single silk or satin braid covering the outer seams, uncuffed
(traditionally appropriate only in warm weather) or a low-cut
or pleated front is traditional),
and , and a turndown or winged standing .
A black silk
matching the lapel facings
and . Less formally, a fly-front or button down shirt may be substituted.
Black dress , usually of silk or fine wool
Black shoes—traditionally patent leather
(pumps); now often highly polished or
Covered cuff buttons on a dinner jacket.
The typical black-tie jacket is single-breasted, and bl usually of wool or a wool–, or wool- blend, although other materials, especially silk, are seen. Double breasted models are less common, but considered equally appropriate. Dinner jackets were commonly ventless before World War I, but today come ventless, with side vents, or with center vents. The ventless style is considered more formal. The lapels are usually faced with silk in either a
or a satin weave. The buttons should be covered in similarly coloured material to the main part of the jacket.
, a resident of Tuxedo Park, New York, stated in 1909 that "[Tuxedos] can have lapels or be shawl-shaped, in either case they are to have facings of silk, satin or grosgrain." She later republished this statement in her 1922 book Etiquette, adding that only single-breasted jackets are appropriately called tuxedos. There is a fashion movement suggesting that a man's appearance when wearing the wider and higher peak lapel is superior to the narrower notch lapel.
White dinner jackets are often worn in warm climates. They are ivory in color rather than pure white, and have self-faced lapels (i.e., made of the same fabric as the jacket) rather than silk-faced lapels. They are generally worn with the same types of shirts and accessories as black dinner jackets, though the turndown collar and cummerbund preferred to the wing collar or waistcoat. Similarly, the shawl lapel is more common in white dinner jackets. In the United Kingdom, the 20th-century etiquette was that white dinner jackets are never worn, even on the hottest day of summer, but are reserved for wear abroad. Today, white dinner jackets are frequently seen at weddings, formal beach events, and high-school , in the United States and at some concerts (famously for instance the ) in the United Kingdom. In tropical climates, such as in Imperial Burma, desert fawn was historically used as the less formal color. At one time, the (civilian)
was also an option in warmer climates.
It is generally considered inappropriate for a man to remove his jacket during a formal social event, but when hot weather and humidity dictate, the
man (of the , the ) may give men permission by noticeably taking off his jacket. In anticipated hot weather,
is specified in the invitation, although this dress is esoteric in civilian circles, and is particular to certain
communities.
Black tie trousers traditionally have no
(turn-ups in British English) or belt loops. The outer seams are usually decorated with a single braid of silk or a material that matches the lapel facing. Traditionally, , hidden by the waistcoat, were used to support the pants but belts are often worn today in less formal settings. Evening trousers can be flat-fron pleats first coming into fashion in the 1930s.
A waistcoat (vest in ) or
should be worn when wearing a single-breasted coat. However, according to , "cummerbands or low cut black evening waistcoats are rarely worn nowadays". Waistcoasts come in the 'V' or rarer 'U' shape, in backless or fully backed versions, double or single breasted, with or without lapels. Single breasted styles typically have three buttons, and double breasted ones three or four rows. Before World War II, while black tie was still gaining acceptance, men would wear a white waistcoat, along with other details now associated primarily with , such as stiff fronted shirts. However, this style, though increasingly viewed as an affectation, is still acceptable in the United States.
The cummerbund, derived from military dress uniform in British India, is worn with its pleats facing up, and is normally of the same cloth as the bow tie and lapels though strictly, the cummerbund, bow tie and lapels should be of different material. Maroon, a color commonly worn to accompany black tie, is often used for the cummerbund in less formal or summer situations. A cummerbund is never worn with a double breasted jacket, and a waistcoat now very rarely. Since this style of jacket is never unbuttoned, the waist of the trousers is never exposed, and therefore does not need to be covered, though before World War II an edge of waistcoat was often shown between the jacket and shirt.
Recently, and particularly in the United States, it has become more common for men to remove their jackets at less formal events such as weddings and proms. Because of this, full-back waistcoats hav unlike the traditional waistcoat, these are often high, single breasted, and with the full five or six buttons of a daytime waistcoat.
A modern attached wing collar (of the half-collar shape, with longer wings than a typical attached wing collar) and pre-tied bow tie
designed to be worn with black tie are called "formal shirts," or "tuxedo shirts" in American English and "dress shirts" in British English. The shirt is conventionally white or off-white cotton or linen with a bibbed front that is either
or pleated. In the early 20th century, a stiff front such as is worn with white tie was sometimes used and in the 1960s and 1970s ruffled bibs were popular, but neither style is often seen today. Indeed, a trend in the 2000s (decade) has been to dispense with the bib front altogether. Shirts worn with black-tie have double (or "french") . In the late 19th century and through the 1920s, stiff shirts with winged
were common. Thereafter, collars for formal shirts were typically attached with either the standard , or the "winged" version of the .
The original and most formal version of the dress shirt fastens with matching . Dress shirts with a fly-front
are also traditional. However, lately it has become quite common to allow buttons to show, although this is less formal. Studs and links are most commonly in silver or gold settings, featuring onyx or mother-of- various geometrical shapes are worn, e.g., circles (most common for studs), octagons, or rectangles (most common for links). There has been no consistent fashion preference for gold or silver, but mother-of-pearl is more formal and therefore often associated with white tie.
The most formal and traditional shoes are patent leather opera pumps () decorated with grosgrain bows. The more popular alternative currently is the black lace-up , in
or , with a rounded plain toe. Matte finish pumps are also seen. Shoes are almost invariably black and patent leather is considered more formal than matte finishes while pumps are considered more formal than lace-ups. Generally considered too informal for black tie are shoes with open lacing, such as the
(bluchers in American English). Notable alternatives include the black button boot (primarily of historical interest only) and the monogrammed Albert slipper which was originally worn only at home. The black Gucci loafer in leather is also considered as an alternative, especially in urban British settings. Hosiery is black socks made from fine wool or silk.
wearing black tie with decorations
This section does not
any . Please help improve this section by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (March 2013)
Most etiquette and fashion guides of the current decade recommend keeping color touches and favoring a single color, muted reds, such as maroon, are a traditional choice.
: A handkerchief in linen (traditional), silk, or cotton is usually worn in the breast pocket.
: A flower may be worn. Red and white , blue , and
have all been popular at times. In , the boutonnière is usually a , and boutonnières and handkerchiefs are not worn simultaneously.
Outerwear: Black-tie events do not involve outerwear and coats and gloves are no longer considered part of the dress code. However, etiquette for what to wear in public in transit to and from black tie occasions was stiffer in earlier eras and remain an option: Matching overcoats are usually black, , or dark , and traditionally of the
was also once popular, and a lighter topcoat can be worn in summer. Historically, an
was also worn. Until the mid-20th century, gloves and scarves were always worn, and are still occasionally seen in gray leather and white silk, respectively. White kid gloves have never been standard with black tie, remaining exclusive to white tie dress.
Hat: The 20th-century standard hat for black tie was a black (or midnight blue)
in winter, or straw
in spring and summer. Fedoras were originally regarded as too informal but have become more common recently. Top hats were originally worn with black-tie, but had been reserved to
from World War I. Black-tie dress does not require a hat today.
Timepiece: Traditionally visible timepieces are not worn with formal evening dress, because timekeeping is not supposed to be considered a priority. Pocket watches are acceptable.
Decorations and orders: Military, civil, and organizational
are usually worn only to
events, generally of formal governmental or diplomatic significance. Miniature
and awards are typically worn on the left lapel of the jacket, and neck badges, breast stars, and sashes are worn according to country-specific or organizational regulations. Unlike in white tie, where decorations are always permitted, the dress code will usually give some indication when decorations are to be worn with black tie.
Black tie worn at a dinner party in the 1940s.
Black tie is worn to private and public dinners, , and parties. At the more formal end of the social spectrum, it has to a large extent replaced the more formal . The black tie code is sometimes classified as "semi-formal" in contrast to the "formal" white tie, or as "formal" in contrast to the "most formal" of white tie. Once more common, white tie dress code is now fairly rare, being reserved for only extremely formal occasions. Black tie is traditionally worn only after six o'clock in the evening, or after sundown during winter months. Black tie's rough daytime equivalent is the , which is less formal than
because (as with black tie) it replaces the tailcoat with a lounge coat. Curiously, in opposition to the trend seen in evening dress, the less formal stroller is now extraordinarily rare, whereas morning dress is still relatively common.
Traditionally black tie should be worn to the
although a dark lounge suit is also now acceptable. In the 21st century, many opera houses in the English-speaking world do not stipulate black tie. For example neither the
have a black tie dress code. English country house opera, such as at , is more likely to require black tie.
Black tie should also be worn at a
At formal dinners on
the dress code will typically be black tie although a dark lounge suite may be worn as a substitute. In 2013 , noted for its adherence to formal dress codes, relaxed its dress standards. As of 2015 Cunard requires one of a dinner jacket, a dark suit, formal national dress or military uniform for gentlemen diners on formal evenings.
Black tie worn at a wedding
In the last few decades, black tie has been increasingly seen in the United States at formal day wedding in place of the traditional . However, etiquette and clothing experts continue to discourage or condemn the wearing of black tie before 6 pm. Prior to the late 1930s, black tie was even discouraged as too informal for evening weddings, with
arguing that "no man should ever be caught in a church in a tuxedo." Indeed
would continue to argue in preference of
at evening weddings into the 1950s.
In England and Wales, black tie is seldom worn at Church weddings or civil ceremonies as
or a lounge suit is normally favoured. However, in recent years black tie is sometimes worn at evening receptions. At , however, black tie is often stipulated. In Scotland, a dinner jacket is also not common but highland dress is often chosen.
Main article:
For formal dining,
often wear
equivalents to the civilian black tie and evening dress. Mess uniforms may vary according to the wearers' respective branches of the armed services, regiments, or corps, but usually include a short Eton-style coat reaching to the waist. Some include white shirts, black bow ties, and low-cut waistcoats, while others feature high collars that fasten around the neck and corresponding high-gorge waistcoats.
Main article:
In tropical areas, primarily in Western diplomatic and expatriate communities,
is sometimes worn, in which the jacket and waistcoat are omitted and a red
and trousers with red piping are worn instead.
Main article:
Formal black tie Highland regalia,
and Prince Charlie jacket
Scottish Highland dress is often worn to black- and white-tie occasions, especially at S the black-tie version is more common, even at white-tie occasions. Traditionally, black-tie Scots Highland dress comprises:
Black barathea jacket with silver buttons—Regulation , Prince Charlie (coatee), Brian Boru, Braemar, Argyll, and black mess jackets are suitable. There is some contention about whether the Duke of Montrose and Sheriffmuir doublets are too formal for black-tie occasions.
Miniature medals (if authorized)
Matching or tartan waistcoat
White shirt with shirt studs, French or barrel cuffs, and a turn-down collar (wing collars are generally reserved for
in the United Kingdom)
Black bow tie or white lace
Evening dress
Full-dress kilt hose (diced, tartan or off-white)
Silk flashes or garter ties
with silver chain
Black, silver-mounted
(optional)
Highland bonnet with crest badge (only suitable out of doors)
Traditional black-tie Lowland dress is a variant of the normal black tie that includes tartan
rather than the usual trousers and may include a suitable kilt jacket instead of the dinner jacket. Trews are often worn in summer and warm climes.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Emily Post.
(PDF). Indiana University Bloomington.
. Black Tie Guide.
. Debretts.
. Black Tie Guide.
Gavernas, Mary Lisa, The Fairchild Encyclopedia of Menswear, Fairchild Publications, New York, 2008
. Black Tie Guide.
. Black Tie Guide.
Showker, Kay (25 March 2010). . John Wiley & Sons. p. 117.   2015.
Kim, Soo (18 March 2013). . telegraph.co.uk. The Daily Telegraph 2015.
. <. Cunard 2015.
Ford, C DeMontravel, Jacqueline (2001). 21st century etiquette: a guide to manners for the modern age. Barnes & Noble Books. p.&#160;210. &#160;.
(1970). Scottish Tartans & Highland Dress. Glasgow/London: Wm. Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. p.&#160;98. &#160;.
magazine, an account of 1930 some issues more relevant than others, such as those reproduced with comment at The London Lounge:
(numbering: London Lounge, not original)
(2002). Dressing the Man: Mastering the art of Permanent Fashion. New York: . &#160;.
provides a breakdown of traditional categories of progressing formality in dress for men & women.
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