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54OWLSWRL representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model-2
W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/Computers；Fig.5.Themappingontology；Example1(Continued).5.2.；Thisworkissupportedbythe；W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/Computers；AppendixBThetranslationr；[1]WorldWideWebConsortiu；2004.
W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/ComputersinIndustry59(595Fig.5.ThemappingontologyandrelationshipdiagramfortheentitiesvehicleandownerofExample2.AstheoldOWL2JessandSWRL2JesstoolsmaptheA-BoxandT-BoxofOWL/SWRLasfactscreatedusingapre-de?nedtemplate(giveninAppendixA),inordertomapthe‘‘function_array_LOIN-DEX’’intoJess,?rstletusseethemappingresultof‘‘ARRAY_IN-TEGER_TYPE_x’’,aninstanceof‘‘APPAY_INTEGER_TYPE’’,themapresultofline39C47inExample1ofPartIaboutthefunctionde?nitionisgivenasthefollowingTable3.Thefactaboutthelowerboundofthearrayisthethirdfact,sothede?nitionof‘‘function_array_LOINDEX’’canbede?nedasAppendixBaccordingtoJesssyntax(hereweuseJess61p8),whichisaddedtotheoldOWL2Jess?le.Wede?nea‘‘defquery’’tosearchthematchingrulesandthende?nethefunctionfunction_array_LOINDEXwithanargument‘‘?array_instance’’togetthevalueoftheslot‘‘LowerBound’’representingthelowerboundofanarray.Ifwantto?ndthelowerboundof‘‘ARRAY_INTEGER_TYPE_x’’,wecancallthisfunctionwiththeargumentvalue‘‘ARRAY_INTEGER_TYPE_x’’,andthengetaninteger3asthereturnvalue.Exceptforthoseexecutablestatementsthathavenodepen-dencieswiththemappedfacts,wecanmapthemwithXSLTtotheJessexecutablestatementsthathavethesamefunctions.Forinstance,theifCthenCelseCendifstructurecanbetranslatedinto‘‘(if...then...else...)’’structure.5.Reasoning,queryingproductinformationandsomepracticalexperienceOnceloadingfacts,rulesandfunctionsisaccomplished,theruleenginescanperforminference.Asrules?res,newassertionswillcomeintobeing,andthentheseassertionscanbetransformedintoOWL/SWRLandstoredbackintothepreviousknowledgebasebymeansofsuchasJavaAPI.Atthesametime,astheOWLtoolssuch′ge′provideabundantqueryingmethodssuchasasJenaandProte′ge′AxiomLanguage(PAL)[12],etc.,theusercanSPARQL[17],Proteusethesetoolsinthestand-aloneapplicationstogeneratequeriesanddisplayqueryanswersthroughform-basedinterfaces.5.1.PracticalexperienceBelow(Example2)isasimpleexampleofanEXPRESSschemarepresentedwiththeEXPRESSlanguageelementsanditscorrespondingEXPRESS-Grepresentation(Fig.2),thisexampleFig.6.ThemappingSWRLinstanceforthewhere-clauseoftheentityownerinExample2.596W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/ComputersinIndustry59(isborrowedfrom[6]andrevisedalittle.Forthesakeofsimplicityitdoesnotattempttoincludealltheconstructingelementsshownabove.Inthisexample,wehavefourentities,i.e.,vehicle,car,vanandowner.TheentityvehicleisanabstractSUPERTYPE,ithasregistration,year,colorandowned_byasexplicitattributeswhichcanbeinheritedbythesubtypeentitiescarandvan.TheUNIQUEconstrainttoregistrationattributeofentityvehiclecontrolstheuniquenessoftheattributevaluesamongalltheinstancesofentityvehicle.Theinverseattributevehicles_ownedofentityownerandtheattributeofvehiclecapturethemutualrelationshipofthetwoentities.Thewhere-clauseofentityownerspeci?esthattheageofanownermustbegreaterthan16yearsold.WeuseExample2asatestcaseandbuildtheontology-based′ge′3.2Beta,theinstancesorindividualsknowledgebasewithProteoftheontologiescomingfromitscorrespondingSTEP?leisalsoconstructed.Wedevelopseveralexperimentalmodulesasstand-aloneapplicationsinJavacodeaccordingtothepreviousstatedmethodology,whichmainlyincludetransformationmodulethroughXSL,loadingfacts,rulesandinferencemoduleembeddingJessinJavacodeandquerymodule.Limitedtothepages,wedonotpresentthecodehereinOWL/SWRLofExample2,andtheontologydiagrammappingfromthevehiclemodelispresentedasFigs.3C6.ThemappingconsequenceisjustaswhathasbeendoneinPartI,?rstisthebasicdatatypes(Fig.3),thenentities(Figs.4and5),andlasttheconstraintsonthem(Fig.6).Example1.ThescalefunctioninEXPRESSanditsrepresentationinOWL.W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/ComputersinIndustry59(597Example1(Continued).5.2.DiscussionsAlthoughthispaperhasemployedtheJessinferenceengineasthereasoningmechanism,thesameapproachcanbeappliedtotheotherrule-basedinferencesystemssuchasAlgernon[18]whichalsohasJava-basedAPIs.AndastheJess7.07bVersion(releasedon11May2006)nowsupportsanXML-basedrulelanguage(JessML)akininstructuretotheJesslanguageitself,itismoreconvenienttouseJessastheruleinferencesystemandbridgethegapbetweentheWebandtheruleengine.Furthermore,JessMLmayalsoproveusefulinpermittingtheimportofgraphicalrepresentationssuchasUni?edModelingLanguage(UML)diagrams.Thismeans,thattheclassdiagramsinUMLcanbeusedtorepresenttheJessfactsandrulestranslatedfromtheOWLontologiesandSWRLrules,canbedevelopedwithoutXSLTandbuiltinavisualorintuitivemanner.Inaddition,constructingontologiesfromEXPRESSbyhandistedious.The?rstreasonisthenumberoftheobjectstobehandled,moreentitiesneedtobehandledinmorecomplicatedenviron-ments.Thesecondreason,theontologiesshouldnotbeconstructedbyhand,iscodemaintenance.OncetheEXPRESSSchemaandtheSTEP?lesaremodi?ed,theontologiesmustbealsochanged.6.ConclusionsandfutureworkOnthebasisofthepresentationoftheproductinformationmodelinEXPRESSlanguage,thispaperhasproposedtheintegratedandapplicationframeworkfortheproductinformationmodelencodedinOWL/SWRL.Inaddition,asacaseinpoint,theJessruleengithesyntaxtranslationbetweenOWL/SWRLandJessthroughXSLTandsomestand-aloneapplicationsaredeveloped.Oneofthedrawbacksisthattheintegrationoftheapplicationsisnotgoodenough.Forexample,thetranslationfromOWL/SWRLtoJessisaccomplishedbyXSL?lesandJavaapplication,thisoperationisontheseparate?lesnotwithintheOWL/SWRLknowledgebaseorJessknowledgebase.AndJesshasaverygoodimplementationofaforwardchainingruleenginebuthasweakbackwardchainingsupport,soareasoningenginelikeAlgernonmaybemoreappropriateforusersdemandingthissupport.Inaddition,ECA(eventCconditionCactions,whenaneventoccursandtheconditionsevaluateastrue,thecorrespondingactionsareexecuted)knowledgeofproductinformationasactiverulesisneededto′ge′-supportdynamicenvironment[11],andthetoolssuchasProteOWLAPIsprovideamechanismtoreactonchangesoftheontologyinOWLusinglisteners,sotheECArulescanbeimplementedbythismeans.Ourfutureworkaimstoprovethisframeworkinamorecomplexscenario,buildaparsertoconstructontologiesfromEXPRESSandSTEP?les,developastand-aloneapplicationtoimplementthetranslationfromOWL/SWRLtoJesswithJavaAPIsbutnotwithXSLT,integratethethreemodulesstatedinSection5.1asastand-aloneapplicationorasaplug-ininthe′ge′,de?netheOWL/SWRLsemanticrelatedenvironmentofProte598W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/ComputersinIndustry59(Example2.AschemaofvehiclemodelinEXPRESS.factsandrulesinJessMLandprovidetheECAsupportintheapplication.AcknowledgementsThisworkissupportedbytheNSFC(),DoctoralProgramFoundationofMOEofChina(),GDSF(03295).AppendixA.Apre-de?nedruleItcanbeusedtochecktheconsistency,tocomputethetaxonomicclassi?cation,thecharacteristicsofRDF&OWLvocabulary,etc.Theinferredassertionsarehelpfulfortheontologyengineertoevaluateandre?netheoriginalOWLontology.W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/ComputersinIndustry59(599AppendixBThetranslationresultinJesssyntaxofthede?nitionof‘‘function_array_LOINDEX’’References[1]WorldWideWebConsortium,OWLWebOntologyLanguageOverview,February2004.Availableathttp://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-/.[2]TheRuleMLInitiative,http://www.ruleml.org/.[3]H.Knublauch,M.A.Musen,N.F.Noy,CreatingSemanticWeb(OWL)ontologieswithProte′ge′,Tutorialat2ndInternationalSemanticWebConference,SanibelIsland,FL,USA,2003.[4]WorldWideWebConsortium,SWRL:asemanticwebrulelanguagecombiningOWLandRuleML,May2004.Availableathttp://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-SWRL-/.[5]J.Mei,E.P.Bontas,Z.Lin,OWL2Jess:atransformationalimplementationoftheOWLsemantics,in:ISPAWorkshops,.[6]R.M.Botting,A.N.Godwin,AnalysisoftheSTEPstandarddataaccessinterfaceusingformalmethods,ComputerStandards&Interfaces17(5C6)(.[7]WorldWideWebConsortium,ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.0,2nded.,2000.Availableathttp://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-.[8]TheOilEdEditor,http://oiled.man.ac.uk/.[9]I.Lera,C.Juiz,R.Puigjaner,Performance-relatedontologiesandsemanticwebapplicationsforon-lineperformanceassessmentofintelligentsystems,ScienceofComputerProgramming61(1)(.[10]A.Malucelli,D.Palzer,E.Oliveira,Ontology-basedServicestohelpsolvingtheheterogeneityproblemine-commercenegotiations,ElectronicCommerceResearchandApplications5(1)(.[11]Y.Dong,C.F.Y.Chee,Y.He,A.Goh,ActivedatabasesupportforSTEP/EXPRESSmodels,JournalofIntelligentManufacturing8(4)(.[12]Prote′ge′,http://protege.stanford.edu/.[13]V.Haarslev,R.Mo¨ller,Racer:anOWLreasoningagentfortheSemanticWeb,in:ProceedingsoftheInternationalWorkshoponApplications,ProductsandServicesofWeb-basedSupportSystems,inConjunctionwith2003IEEE/WICInternationalConferenceonWebIntelligence,Halifax,Canada,October13,2003,pp.91C95.[14]JessRuleengine,http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess.[15]S.Bechhofer,R.Mo¨ller,P.Crowther,TheDIGdescriptioninterface,in:ProceedingsoftheInternationalWorkshoponDescriptionLogics―DL’03,2003.[16]WorldWideWebConsortium,XSLTransformations,November1999.[17]RDFDataAccessWorkingGroup,SPARQLQueryLanguageforRDF,2004.Avail-ableathttp://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-rdf-sparql-query-/.[18]Algernonrule-basedprogramming,http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/.[19]SweetRules,http://www.sweetrules.projects.semwebcentral.org.[20]D.Connolly,F.V.Harmelen,I.Horrocks,D.L.McGuinness,P.F.Patel-Schneider,L.A.Stein,DAML+OILReferenceDescription,W3CNote18December2001.http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTE-daml+oil-reference-.WeiZhaoreceivedhisengineeringdegreeinMechanicalEngineeringin2001andhispostgraduatecerti?catein2004fromWuhanUniversityofHydraulicandElectricEngineeringandThreeGorgesUniversity,China,respec-tively.HeiscurrentlyaPhDstudentinEngineeringMechanicsintheDepartmentofMechanicsofSunYat-sen(Zhongshan)University.Hismainresearchinterestsincludestructuralreliabilityanalysisinmechanicalengineering,knowledge-basedsystem,collaborationandinformationsharingbetweenCAD,CAMandCAE,computer-aidedsystemsforreliabilityanalysisinengineering,etc.600W.Zhao,J.K.Liu/ComputersinIndustry59(Ji-keLiuisaprofessorintheDepartmentofMechanicsofSunYat-sen(Zhongshan)University,P.R.China.Hegraduatedin1988,andreceivedhisMaster’sdegreein1991andPhDdegreein1993fromNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity.HeworkedasaPostdoctoralResearchFellowintheInstituteofDynamics,NoiseandControlfrom.HewasinvitedtoTheUniversityofHongKong12timesasaResearchAssociate.Hisresearchinterestsareorientedonvibrationtheoryanditsapplicationsofcomplexstructuralsystems,theoryandapplicationsofstructuralreliabilityanalysis,computersandstructuresinengineering,etc.Hehaspublishedmorethan100journalandconferencepapers.三亿文库包含各类专业文献、专业论文、各类资格考试、外语学习资料、高等教育、生活休闲娱乐、文学作品欣赏、54OWLSWRL 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