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与segmental data相似词语
segmental data
segmental data的意思、解释
1.&零碎的辅助材料
segmental data的用法例句
1. We delivered supramaximal stimulations over the wrist, below elbow, and above elbow on the ulnar nerve and obtained the data of segmental CV of below elbow (BE) and across elbow (AE) from FDI and ADM. 分别于手腕，肘下及肝上三个尺神经那位给予超大的电刺激，同时于FDI及ADM两处作表面电极记录。 2. Methods: The data of 66 cases treated with an incision of the intrarenal sinus supplemented by a postrenal low pole segmental incision were analysed. 方法： 对采用肾窦内肾盂加肾后下段联合切开方法治疗的66例巨大鹿角状肾结石患者的临床资料进行分析。 3. Methods:The data of 66 cases treated with an incision of the intrarenal sinus supplemented by a postrenal low pole segmental incision were analysed. 方法：对采用肾窦内肾盂加肾后下段联合切开方法治疗的66例巨大鹿角状肾结石患者的临床资料进行分析。 4. Summary of Background Data. Occlusion of the segmental essels, routinely performed during anterior spine instrumentation, might cause neurologic injury secondary to cord ischemia. 背景资料概述：栓塞节段动脉，是前路脊椎内固定时常规的做法，而这可能导致继发于神经束缺血的神经损伤。 5. Results: The method multiple segmental BAL take good effect.And the side-effects is moderate.The patient's symptoms disappeared, and the data of chest C... 结果:经纤支镜多次分段BAL副作用轻微,患者症状消失,影像学、肺功能、血气分析等均明显改善,疗效好。 6. Summary of Background Data.The operatie results of surgically treated burst fractures with short segmental fixation hae been well documented. 背景资料概述：文献报道，在爆裂性骨折的手术治疗中，短节段固定能达到良好的效果。Original Editor -
Top Contributors -
Peer Review - &(16 June 2014)
Core stability&The human lumbar spine without muscles and viscera collapses easily. To allow movement, carry loads and protect the spinal cord and nerve roots “stability” is required. Stability is provided in a co-ordinated manner by the active (eg muscles), passive (eg lumbar spine) and control (eg neurological systems).&There is controversy and some confusion on the definition of the term “core stability”. Traditionally this term has referred to the active component to the stabilizing system including deep/local muscles that provide segmental stability (eg transversus abdominis, lumbar multifidus) and/or the superficial/global muscles (eg rectus abdominis, erector spinae) that enable trunk movement/torque generation and also assist in stability in more physically demanding tasks. Different proponents have advocated different types of core stability exercises ranging from the abdominal drawing in maneuver (Figure 1) to sit ups or “plank” type exercises (Figure 2).
Figure 1: Correct and incorrect abdominal drawing in
Figure 2: Plank on a medicine ball
Training the local muscles (developed by physiotherapists) is a complex skill for participant and trainer that requires precise and rigorous assessment, exercise instruction and feedback.&Training the superficial muscles can be equally complex and is undertaken by a range of health and sporting professionals with a large variety approaches evident. An alternative term to “core stability” is “motor control” that reflects concepts around lumbar stability in a more holistic approach including: the brain, sensory inputs, motor outputs, mechanical properties of muscles/joints, what is normal/abnormal and what may be adaptive/maladaptive.
Local muscles&The local/deep muscles have their origin or insertion on the lumbar vertebra therefore can exert a segmental stabilizing/stiffening effect. Standard texts provide detailed information on anatomy on key deep muscles and online resources are also available (see Figures 3-6). & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&
Figure 1: Transversus abdominis ( & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
Figure 2: Lumbar multifidus on the left of the spine (from )
Figure 3: Inferior view of the diaphragm (from )
Figure 4: A medial view of the left pelvic floor (from )
The mechanisms of the deep muscles and stability/stiffness are controversial but&transverse abdominus may act like a canister with the diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles. This co-contraction increases the intra-abdominal pressure, which creates an extension moment at the spine&and has been hypothesized as increasing stability/stiffness in particular via connections with the thoraco-lumbar fascia. The multifidus may increase the rotational segmental stability in a sagittal and horizontal plan.
Normal function of the deep muscle system is impaired with back pain. There is strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of treatment aimed at normalizing this function by way of “specific motor control training”/”specific muscle activation”.
Global muscles
There are a wide range of superficial/global muscles that are large, cross multiple segments and do not attach directly to the vertebrae including rectus abdominis, external obliques and parts of the erector spinae. These muscles generate torque, act like guy ropes to control spinal orientation and work in co-contraction to control spinal motion in the application of external loads.
The anatomy of these muscles is easily accessible online or in standard texts.
Local / deep muscles
Assessment of muscle function of the local/deep muscles is analogous with providing treatment. An understanding of a normal response is required for the abdominal drawing in maneuver (transversus abdominis), isometric activation of multifidus, normal breathing (diaphragm) and pelvic floor activation. Clinical methods have been published in texts, &journals, and online (). The use of diagnostic ultrasound can also be of value as an adjunct to clinical methods.
Global/superficial muscles
There is a wide range of tests for dysfunction of the global muscles regarding core stability/motor control. There are definitive texts on this topic &as well as specific tests listed below:[5]
Prone instability test
Prone extension endurance test (Biering-Sorenson paraspinal endurance strength)
Side bridge endurance test (quadratus lumborum endurance strength)
Pelvic bridging
Leg lowering test (lower abdominal strength)
Trunk curl
Hip external rotation strength
Modified Trendelenburg test (single leg squat with observation in frontal plane)
Single leg squat in sagittal plane
Single leg squat in transverse plane
These tests for local and global muscle function should be applied and interpreted using clinical reasoning principles within a broad understanding of normal/abnormal motor control. There is preliminary evidence for a clinical prediction rule identifying people with low back problems more likely to respond to specific motor control/specific muscle activation of the local muscles :
Younger age (&40)
Greater general flexibility (hamstring length greater than 90°, postpartum)
Positive prone instability test
Presence of aberrant movement during spinal range of motion (painful arc of motion, abnormal lumbopelvic rhythm, and using arms on thighs for support)
Here are som examples of exercises to improve the motor control / core stability of the lumbar spine.
Local / deep muscles
Clinical methods have been published in texts, &journals, and online (. Practitioners treating people with significant pathology where local muscle dysfunction is likely should retrain specific motor control before moving onto more global training.
Global / superficial muscles
It is important for practitioners/sports personnel attempting to global/superficial muscle function and strength to have a clear understanding of any pathoanatomical problems that may be positively or negatively affected by such exercise. Ideally all of these exercises should be done with correct lumbo-pelvic posture and control of the local/deep muscles. With most of these exercises duration of hold and repetitions can be varied (depending on the aim of the retraining/strength program) provided the exercise is done with good control.
Crunches-&Lie supine on the floor with your knees bent, arms crossed over your chest and the feet flat on the floor. Then lift your schoulders from the ground and curl you stomach. Avoid a full sit up and ensure the low back remains in contact with the floor. &See demonstration video below. & & & & & & &&
Obliques crunches -&As per a normal crunch but leading with one shoulder towards the opposite knee (alternate sides each repetition).
Plank -&Lie prone on the floor. Then while keeping your whole trunk straight (like a plank) lift up onto your forearms, with the elbows right under the shoulders, and toes. Hold this position as long as possible with control. To make the exercise more difficult try to lift one leg slightly of the ground. Balls/balance devices can also be used under the arms or feet. The plank can also be done on your side while supported by your feet and your forearm with your shoulder above your elbow. See video demonstration below.
Bridges -&Lie supine with your knees bent and the feet flat on the floor. Lift your pelvis of the ground while supporting on your feet and shoulders. The bridge can be progressed by lifting one foot off the ground end extending the knee. See video demonstration below.
Hamstring raises - Balance on your hands and knees with your back flat and your arms/thighs perpendicular to the floor. Raise one leg behind you until it is horizontal. Alternate. See video demonstration below.
Superman – As per a hamstring raise but progress by lifting the opposite arm to a horizontal position at the same time. Alternate.&See video demonstration below.
Leg raises - Lie on your back with your legs straight and your arms by your sides. Then lift one leg 4 inches of the ground. Your back has to stay flat on the floor. Don’t allow it to arch. Alternate. The exercise can be progressed by lifting both legs at the same time. See video demonstration below.& &
Hundreds -&Lie on your back with your legs straight and your arms by your sides. Then lift both legs so that they form a right angle in the hip and knees. Lift your arm straight a few inches off the ground. Then simply tap the ground 100 times. Focus on keeping your hips and legs completely still and your back flat.&See video demonstration below.
Leg extensions - Lie on your back with your legs straight and your arms by your sides. Then keeping the knee straight lift one leg until the foot is 4 inches off the ground. Alternate legs.&See video demonstration below.& & &
There are also multiple exercises that can be performed with a physioball. The exersises where proven to have a greater gain of torso balance and neuronal activity then regular floor exercises. Akuthota et al gave an example of how to build up a program with these exercices &
Go over anatomy of the core
Active participation emphasized
Local/deep muscle activation – progress once able to perform 30 reps with 8 sec hold)
Abdominal bracing
Bracing with heel slides
Bracing with leg lifts
Bracing with bridging
Bracing in standing
Bracing with standing row
Bracing with walking&Paraspinals/multifidis (advance if able to perform 30 reps with 8 s hold)
Quadruped arm lifts with bracing
Quadruped leg lifts with bracing
Quadruped alternate arm and legs lifts with bracing
Quadratus lumborum and obliques (advance if able to perform 30 reps&with 8 s hold)
Side plank with knees flexed
Side plank with knees extended
Trunk curl Facilitation techniques if necessary (pelvic floor contraction, visualization,palpation, identifying substitution patterns like pelvic tilt, ultrasound)
Functional training positions with activation of core
There is no single muscle or single exercise for low back problems and motor control/core stability as a treatment. At a minimum practitioners/sports personnel should be aware of key concepts in motor control and exercise and follow an evidence-based approach to exercise prescription.
Currently there is strong evidence for specific motor control/specific muscle activation in isolation, progressing to more global and functional exercises.
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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Willson J.D., Dougherty P., Ireland M.L. and Mcclay Davis I., Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function and injury, American academy of orthopaedic surgeons, 2005 (level of evidence C)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
for_extremities.pdf (Level of evidence D)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kibler W.B., Press J., Sciasscia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine. ): 189-198. (level of evidence D)
4. ↑ Panjabi M.M. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and stability hypothesis. Journal of Spinal Disorders. ; 20-4. (level of evidence C) 5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Akuthota V. et al, Core Stability Exercise Principles, spine conditions, 2008. (level of evidence A1)
6. ↑ Delitto, A., R.E. Erhard, and R.W. Bowling. A treatment-based classification approach to low back syndrome: identifying and staging patients for conservative treatment. Phys. Ther. 75:470Y485, 1995. (level of evidence A1)
7. ↑ Hicks, G., J.M. Fritz, and A. Delinto. Preliminary development of a clinical prediction rule for determining which patients with low back pain will respond to a stabilization exercise program. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 86:, 2005. (level of evidence B)
8. ↑ LUDMILA M. COSIO-LIMA, KATY L. REYNOLDS, CHRISTA WINTER,fckLRVINCENT PAOLONE, AND MARGARET T. JONES. Effects of Physioball and Conventional FloorfckLRExercises on Early Phase Adaptations in Back and Abdominal Core Stability and Balance in Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, ), 721–725 (level of evidence B)
Akuthota V. et al, Core Stability Exercise Principles, spine conditions, 2008. (level of evidence A1)
9. ↑ Stanton ., P.R. Reaburn, and B. Humphries. The effect of short-term Swiss ball training on core stability and running economy. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18:522Y528, 2004. (level of evidence A2)
10. ↑ Lederman E.The myth of core stability.J Bodyw Mov Ther. ):84-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt..
LUDMILA M. COSIO-LIMA, KATY L. REYNOLDS, CHRISTA WINTER,fckLRVINCENT PAOLONE, AND MARGARET T. JONES. Effects of Physioball and Conventional FloorfckLRExercises on Early Phase Adaptations in Back and Abdominal Core Stability and Balance in Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, ), 721–725 (level of evidence B)
1. Panjabi, M., The stabilizing system of the spine: Part I: Function, dysfucntion, adaptation and enhancement. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 1992. 5: p. 383-389.2. McNeill, W., Core stability is a subset of motor control. J Bodyw Mov Ther, ): p. 80-3.3. McGill, S.M., Low back disorders: Evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation 2nd ed. 2008, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers.4. Hodges, P., Spinal control: the rehabilitation of back pain. 1st ed. 2013, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston.5. Urquhart, D., et al., Abdominal muscle recruitment during a range of voluntary exercises. Manual Therapy, 2005. 10: p. 144-153.6. Richardson, C., G. Jull, and P. Hodges, Therapeutic exercise for lumbopelvic stabilisation: a motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain. 2004, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.7. Bogduk, N., Clinical and radiological anatomy of the lumbar spine. 5th ed. 2012, New York: Churchill Livingstone.8. Bystrom, M.G., E. Rasmussen-Barr, and W.J. Grooten, Motor control exercises reduces pain and disability in chronic and recurrent low back pain: a meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), ): p. E350-8.9. Ford, J.J., et al., A classification and treatment protocol for low back disorders. Part 3: functional restoration for intervertebral disc related disorders. Phys Ther Rev, ): p. 55-75.10. Sahrmann, S., Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. 1st ed. 2002, St Louis: Mosby Inc.
Physiopedia is a registered non-profit company in the UK, no.segmental是什么意思，词典释义与在线翻译：
Adjective:
divided or organized into speech segments or isolable speech sounds
having the body divided into successive metameres or segments, as in earthworms or lobsters
segmental的用法和样例：
脊髓节段反射,分节反...
分段拼装式桥...
弓形大梁,弓形梁...
预制段拚装施工法...
扇形导线,弓形截面导...
平圆拱,弓形拱...
支气管,分节支气管...
节段性结肠炎...
segmental的海词问答与网友补充：
segmental的相关资料：
segmental&:&节的， 段 ...
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位变异构的
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